ophthlamology presentations Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
sudden onset severely painful red eye (unilateral)
reduced visual acuity - like looking through a frosted glass/blurred vision
haloes
worse in dark room
headache
nausea
vomiting
A
acute open angle glaucoma
2
Q
corneal abrasion
A
intense pain lacrimation photophobia sensation of foreign body hx trauma
3
Q
posterior blepharitis
A
itchy sore gritty eye
burning sensation
red eye
redness in deep surface of eye
4
Q
usually asymptomatic finding at optician increased IOP visual field defects optic disc cupping loss of peripheral vision
A
primary open angle glaucoma
5
Q
sticky eyes within 10 days of life
A
chlamydia / gonorrohoea
6
Q
sudden painless loss of vision of variable degrees unilateral
metamorphosia
severe retinal haemorrhages - stormy sunset
A
CRVO
7
Q
visual field defect:
incongruent homonymous hemianopia
A
optic tract
8
Q
itchy sore gritty eye
burning sensation
red eye
redness in deep surface of eye
A
posterior blepharitis
9
Q
distinguishing features of allergic conjunctivitis
A
itch is the predominant feature
associated with atopy
redness and swelling
swollen papillae with cobblestone appearance of conjunctiva
10
Q
sticky eyes from 2 months of life
A
naso-lacrimal duct blockage
11
Q
dry ARMD
A
bilateral loss of central vision
painless
reduced visual acuity for near objects
worse at night
12
Q
CRAO
A
sudden painless unilateral profound vision loss RAPD cherry red spot on macula pale oedematous retina with thread like vessels
13
Q
eyes look up and out
A
CN4 palsy - congenital
14
Q
anterior uveitis
A
acute onset red eye severe pain, increases with use photophobia lacrimation reduced/blurred vision dull ache worse on reading irregular shaped pupil ciliary flush
15
Q
retinal detachment
A
myopes sudden painless vision loss flashes/floaters curtain or shadow progressing to the centre of the visual field from the periphery (>5 mins) RAPD - if optic nerve involved loss of red reflex
16
Q
conjunctivitis
A
peripheral red eye grittiness discharge sensation of foreign body no vision change \+/- itch
17
Q
increased IOP
visual field defects
optic disc cupping
A
glaucoma
18
Q
CN 4 palsy
A
eyes look up and out
19
Q
reduced visual acuity for near objects
worse at night
A
ARMD
20
Q
acute onset red eye severe pain, increases with use photophobia lacrimation reduced/blurred vision dull ache worse on reading irregular shaped pupil ciliary flush
A
anterior uveitis
21
Q
what is the visual field defect in optic radiation pathology
A
incongruent quadrantanopia
22
Q
visual field defect
incongruent quadrantanopia
A
optic radiation
23
Q
peripheral corneal ulcer
A
autoimmune
24
Q
o/e
hazy cornea
tense hard red eye
fixed mid dilated pupil
A
acute open angle glaucoma
25
anterior blepharitis
itchy sore gritty eye
burning sensation
red eye
redness of lid margin
26
endophthalmitis
intensely painful red eye
loss of vision
post-ocular surgery or trauma
27
painless
bright red eye
no other ocular symptoms
subconjunctival haemorrhage
28
what should always be considered in the presentation of a red gritty eye
foreign body
29
pain and swelling over inferior/medial aspect of eye with tearing crusting and fever and systemic upset
dacryocystitis
30
intensely painful red eye
loss of vision
post-ocular surgery or trauma
endopthalmitis
31
what is the visual field defect in optic nerve pathology
loss of whole visual field
32
CRVO
sudden painless loss of vision of variable degrees unilateral
metamorphosia
severe retinal haemorrhages - stormy sunset
33
fundoscopy:
| severe retinal haemorrhages - stormy sunset
CRVO
34
```
gradual vision loss
blurring of vision
haloes at bright lights
difficulty reading
reduced red reflex
loss of colour contrast
```
cataracts
35
acute angle closure glaucoma - o/e
hazy cornea
tense hard red eye
fixed mid dilated pupil
36
CN3 palsy
eyes down and out
with ptosis
+/- blown out pupil
37
visual field defect:
| bitemporal hemianopia
optic chiasm
38
drusen
dry ARMD
39
CN 6 palsy
medial deviation of the eye
40
ptosis + mydriasis
3rd nerve palsy
41
distinguishing features of periorbital cellulitis compared to orbital cellulitis
in periorbital (preseptal) there is
- no proptosis
- no reduction in vision
- no pain or limitation of eye movement
42
```
diffuse deep red eye
reduced vision
photophobia
lacrimation
severe pain
o/e no blanching of vessels with phenylephrine
```
scleritis
43
viral conjunctivitis
bilateral sore red eye
diffuse watery discharge
pre-auricular lymphadenopathy
44
CRAO fundoscopy
cherry red spot on macula
| pale oedematous retina with thread like vessels
45
what is the visual field defect in occipital lobe pathology
congruent homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
46
when looking to the affected side the unaffected eye fails to adduct and the unaffected eye abducts but with nystagmus
internuclear ophthalmoplegia - associated with MS
47
eyes down and out
with ptosis
+/- blown out pupil
CN3 palsy - aneurysm
48
fundoscopy:
cherry red spot on macula
pale oedematous retina with thread like vessels
CRAO
49
medial deviation of the eye
CN 6 palsy - raised ICP
50
visual field defect:
| loss of whole visual field
optic nerve
51
painful sudden visual loss (3)
optic neuritis
GCA
AACG
52
```
typically female over 60
headache
jaw claudication
scalp tenderness
visual disturbances e.g. amaurosis fugax, blurring, double vision
tender palpable temporal artery
```
arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy by GCA
53
wet ARMD
```
sudden painless loss of central vision
metamorphosia
diminished or changed colour perception
reduced visual acuity for near objects
worse at night
```
54
visual field defect
| congruent homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
occipital lobe
55
sudden painless and transient vision loss "like a curtain coming down over the eye for 5 minutes"
Amaurosis fugax
56
optic neuritis
```
assoc. MS
unilateral vision loss over a few days
painful eye movements
central scotoma
red desaturation
RAPD
```
57
3 main features of glaucoma
increased IOP
visual field defects
optic disc cupping
58
```
sudden
painless vision loss
flashes/floaters/dark spots in vision or haze
red hue
loss of red reflex
```
vitreous haemorrhage
59
scrambled egg appearance of macula
Best's disease
60
Amaurosis fugax
sudden painless and transient vision loss "like a curtain coming down over the eye for 5 minutes"
61
ptosis + miosis
horners
62
absent red reflexes in newborn
malignancy or cataracts
63
```
photophobia
profuse lacrimation
pain (needle like)
foreign body feeling/gritty
reduced visual acuity
```
keratitis
64
episcleritis
diffuse scleral redness
mild discomfort (not painful)
no vision changes/other symptoms
o/e blanching of blood vessels with phenylephrine
65
CRVO fundoscopy
severe retinal haemorrhages - stormy sunset
66
```
sudden
painless
unilateral profound vision loss
RAPD
cherry red spot on macula
pale oedematous retina with thread like vessels
```
CRAO
67
bacterial conjunctivitis
sore red eye
starts as unilateral then becomes bilateral
sticky mucopurulent discharge
eyes stuck together on wakening
68
HSV keratitis
dendritic ulcer
69
what is the visual field defect in optic tract pathology
incongruent homonymous hemianopia
70
```
peripheral red eye
grittiness
discharge
sensation of foreign body
no vision change
+/- itch
```
conjunctivitis
71
acute open angle glaucoma
| - presentation
sudden onset severely painful red eye (unilateral)
reduced visual acuity - like looking through a frosted glass/blurred vision
haloes
worse in dark room
headache
nausea
vomiting
72
RAPD is seen in (4)
CRAO
retinal detachment
optic neuritis
+/- CRVO
73
what is the visual field defect in optic chiasm pathology
bitemporal hemianopia
74
cataracts
```
gradual vision loss
blurring of vision
haloes at bright lights
difficulty reading
reduced red reflex
loss of colour contrast
```
75
subconjunctival haemorrhage
painless
bright red eye
no other ocular symptoms
76
miosis
ptosis
enophthalmos
anhidrosis
horners
77
arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy by GCA
```
typically female over 60
headache
jaw claudication
scalp tenderness
visual disturbances e.g. amaurosis fugax, blurring, double vision
tender palpable temporal artery
```
78
```
assoc. MS
unilateral vision loss over a few days
painful eye movements
central scotoma
red desaturation
RAPD
```
optic neuritis
79
scleritis
```
diffuse deep red eye
reduced vision
photophobia
lacrimation
severe pain
o/e no blanching of vessels with phenylephrine
```
80
diffuse scleral redness
mild discomfort (not painful)
no vision changes/other symptoms
o/e blanching of blood vessels with phenylephrine
episcleritis
81
orbital cellulitis
```
acute
unilateral
swollen red eye lid
difficulty opening the eye
severely painful
proptosis
reduced vision
reduced eye movements/ophthalmoplegia/pain moving eye
fever/malaise
```
82
dendritic ulcer
HSV keratitis
83
itchy sore gritty eye
burning sensation
red eye
redness of lid margin
anterior blepharitis
84
```
sudden painless loss of central vision
metamorphosia
diminished or changed colour perception
reduced visual acuity for near objects
worse at night
```
wet ARMD
85
```
myopes
sudden painless vision loss
flashes/floaters
curtain or shadow progressing to the centre of the visual field from the periphery (>5 mins)
RAPD - if optic nerve involved
loss of red reflex
```
retinal detachment
86
primary open angle glaucoma
```
usually asymptomatic finding at optician
increased IOP
visual field defects
optic disc cupping
loss of peripheral vision
```
87
bilateral loss of central vision
painless
reduced visual acuity for near objects
worse at night
dry ARMD
88
sore red eye
starts as unilateral then becomes bilateral
sticky mucopurulent discharge
eyes stuck together on wakening
bacterial conjunctivitis
89
horners
miosis
ptosis
enophthalmos
anhidrosis
90
keratitis
```
photophobia
profuse lacrimation
pain (needle like)
foreign body feeling/gritty
reduced visual acuity
```
91
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
when looking to the affected side the unaffected eye fails to adduct and the unaffected eye abducts but with nystagmus
92
dacryocystitis
pain and swelling over inferior/medial aspect of eye with tearing crusting and fever and systemic upset
93
```
acute
unilateral
swollen red eye lid
difficulty opening the eye
severely painful
proptosis
reduced vision
reduced eye movements/ophthalmoplegia/pain moving eye
fever/malaise
```
orbital cellulitis
94
bilateral sore red eye
diffuse watery discharge
pre-auricular lymphadenopathy
viral conjunctivitis
95
vitreous haemorrhage
```
sudden
painless vision loss
flashes/floaters/dark spots in vision or haze
red hue
loss of red reflex
```
