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Ophthalmoscopy Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

an objective examination to determine the presence and absence of pathology

A

Ophthalmoscopy

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2
Q

Large aperture is used in ______ pupils to be able to see even in the periphery of the fundus.

A

dilated

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3
Q

EOR of dilated pupil

A

Myopia

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4
Q

most appropriate to use when px’s pupil is 3.5 to 5 mm (normal or also called undilated pupil), or when you do not know the size

A

Medium aperture

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5
Q

used in constricted pupils mostly observed in hyperopic patients

A

SMALL APERTURE

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6
Q

used when there is opacity in the transparent media or any pathology in the fundus (ex: cataract)

A

Half light aperture

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7
Q

Kinds of Measuring ophthalmoscope or graticules

A

Line or slit graticule
Grid graticule

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8
Q

detects elevation and depression in the fundus

A

Line or slit graticule

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9
Q

If line graticule is CLEAR and STRAIGHT

A

NO ABNORMALITY

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10
Q

Line graticule becomes BLUR and CROOKED

A

presence of ELEVATION or DEPRESSION within the fundus

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11
Q

If power indicator is RED or towards minus, there is ________________ ; if it is GREEN or towards plus, there is ________________

A

DEPRESSION

ELEVATION

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12
Q

use to approximate relative distance between retinal lesions, assess cup-disc ratio

A

Grid graticule

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13
Q

Measurement per circle of grid graticule

A

0.1

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14
Q

Filters

A

Red free (green)
Cobalt blue
Neutral or yellow
Polarising

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15
Q

FIlter

enhanced contrast in blood vessels and hemorrhages. It is used to differentiate between microaneurysms (dot) and deep hemorrhages (blot)

A

Red free

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16
Q
  1. Thin, lighter red
  2. Thick, darker red
A
  1. Arteries
  2. Veins
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17
Q

Cobalt Blue Filter is used after staining with________________ to observe corneal abrasions, punctate keratitis a nd lesions in the cornea

A

fluorescein dye

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18
Q

Widely used filter

A

Neutral or yellow filter

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19
Q

What kind of filter reduces UV exposure

A

Neutral or yellow filter

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20
Q

few direct ophthalmoscope are fitted with this filter to reduce glare during retinal examination

A

Polarising filter

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21
Q

Starting point of ophthalmoscopy
1. Examining ROR
2. Examining anterior or external adnexa

A
  1. Zero/examiner’s EOR
  2. +20.00D or maximum amount
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22
Q

Why is ROR red-orange?

Study These Flashcards
A

because the light reflects, bounces back on the blood vessels within the fundus

23
Q

Negative ROR can be due to:

Study These Flashcards
A

opacities in transparent media (cornea, lens, AH and VH)
retinal detachment
lesions in the retina

24
Q

If with movement, what is the location of the opacity?
1. Rapid
2. Slow

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Cornea
  2. Anterior to the crystalline lens or at the Aqueous Humor
25
If the opacity does not move with the instrument or eye, where is it located?
At the crystalline lens
26
If the opacity moves against the movement of the instrument or eye, where is it located?
Posterior to the lens (VH/retina)
27
Used to identify the EOR present, or if the px has amblyopia or strabismus
Bruckner test
28
What eor Superior light crescent
Hyperopia
29
What eor Inferior light crescent
Myopia
30
Normal CD ratio
0.3 - 0.4
31
Which is more tortous? (Veins/arteries)
Arteries
32
Which shoould not be pulsating? (Veins/arteries)
Arteries
33
What is the EOR is the optic disc is slightly bigger?
Myopic
34
What is the EOR is the optic disc is slightly smaller?
Hyperopic
35
What is the type of astigmatism if optic disc is slightly vertically oval?
Against the rule
36
What is the type of astigmatism if optic disc is slightly horizontally oval?
With the rule astigmatism
37
What is the black ring surrounding the optic cup?
Choroidal ring
38
What is the white ring surrounding the optic disc?
Scleral ring
39
observed when the px is looking at the light or the ear of examiner
Macula
40
True or false Macula has blood vessels
False It is devoid of blood vessels
41
What is the plus lens used in binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy?
Condensing lens
42
In indirect Ophthalmoscopy, image is
Real and inverted
43
A 90D lens used as condensing lens in indirect ophthalmoscopy
Vogt lens
44
Direct/indirect Wider visual field
Indirect
45
Magnification 1. Direct 2. Indirect
1. 16x 2. 3-4x
46
Field of view 1. Direct 2. Indirect
1. 2 Disc Diameter 2. 8 Disc Diameter
47
Structures viewed 1. Direct 2. Indirect
1. Central only 2. Central and periphery
48
Stereopsis 1. Direct 2. Indirect
1. ABSENT 2. PRESENT
49
BRIGHTNESS 1. Direct 2. Indirect
1. LESS BRIGHT 2. MORE BRIGHT
50
Compensation of EOR 1. Direct 2. Indirect
1. POORER 2. EASIER
51
VERSATILITY 1. Direct 2. Indirect
1. POORER 2. BETTER
52
DISTANCE TO PX 1. Direct 2. Indirect
1. CLOSER 2. FARTHER
53
IMAGE OF FUNDUS 1. Direct 2. Indirect
1. VIRTUAL AND ERECT 2. REAL AND INVERTED
54
IMAGE OF FUNDUS 1. Direct 2. Indirect
1. VIRTUAL AND ERECT 2. REAL AND INVERTED

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