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PSYC 345A - Midterm #3 > Opioids - Opioids > Flashcards

Opioids - Opioids Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Where does opium come from?

A

it is sap derived from the poppy

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2
Q

What is the difference between an analgesic vs narcotic opium drug?

A 
analgesic = pain relief
narcotic = opium-based
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3
Q 
What drug types fall under the following categories?
Endogenous -
Alkaloids - 
Semisynthetic - 
Synthetic -
A

Endogenous - endorphins

Alkaloids - morphine, codeine

Semisynthetic - oxycodone, heroin

Synthetic - methadone, fentanyl

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4
Q

_____: occurring within

_____: directly extracted

______: derivative compounds

_____: structurally different

A

Endogenous
Alkaloids
Semisynthetic
Synthetic

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5
Q

Opium exhibits ____ (stimulant) and _____ (depressant) effects, it is also used as a ______ (anti-psychotic)

A

euphoric
anxiolytic
medicine

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6
Q

What are the three intake methods for heroin and morphine?

A

oral, inhalation and intravenous

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7
Q

Taking heroin and morphine orally, by ingestion, and intravenously all have different effects. What are they?

A

Oral: mood alleviation, cough suppression

Inhalation: euphoria

Intravenously: euphoria, pain relief

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8
Q

Seeing decreased body temperature and pupil constriction is characteristic of taking heroin and morphine by which method of intake?

A

intravenously

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9
Q

During injection of heroin and morphine, what are the three stages and how long does each last?

A

Stage 1:

  • 0-2 minutes
  • “rush”, “flash”: intense euphoria
  • tingling and warmth in “lower abdomen” resembling sexual orgasm

Stage 2:

  • 2-3 hours
  • “on the nod” : tranquil drowsiness

Stage 3:

  • 4+ hours
  • WITHDRAWAL
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10
Q

In what stage of heroin or morphine injection is there a reduction in sexual interest? What is it a result of?

A

stage 2: lowering testosterone levels

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11
Q

What is the withdrawal like from heroin and morphine?

A

occurs in stage 3, is very rapid - allostatic mechanisms involved don’t seem to be following through

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12
Q

What drug has the following street names: china white, china girl, TNT, apache, percopop

A

fentanyl - a lot of these names are based on where they are coming from (China, Mexico)

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13
Q

What Schedule are the following drugs: heroin, morphine, methadone, fentanyl, codeine, oxycodone

A

Schedule I: heroin
Schedule II: morphine methadone, fentanyl
Schedule III: codeine, oxycodone

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14
Q

Fentanyl design:

  • Demerol = used as an _______
  • “lollipop” = used in _____ care
  • Duragesic = used for _____ pain
A

anesthetic
palliative care
chronic pain (analgesia)

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15
Q

Fentanyl is __x more potent than morphine

A

100

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16
Q

What are the three methods of intake for fentanyl?

A

oral
transdermal
insufflation

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17
Q

What is the problem with intake of fentanyl?

A

respiratory depression increases with faster absorption

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18
Q

Opium has an agonistic effect on _____ _____

A

endogenous neuropeptides

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19
Q

“separating the molecules into separate chains”

A

cleavage

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20
Q

Cleavage is an internal ______ action

21
Q

Enzyme CYP2D6 converts codeine to ____

22
Q

Cleavage:

-active metabolite ______

Study These Flashcards
A

morphine-6-glucuronide

23
Q

What do G-protein metabotropic receptors allow for?

Study These Flashcards
A

return neurons to resting potential sooner by allowing K+ to influx inwards

24
Q

Pure Agonist: ____ relief (what drugs?)

Study These Flashcards
A

pain relief - fentanyl and morphine

25
Partial Agonist: ____ relief but no ____ effect
pain | respiratory
26
Mixed Agonist-Antagonist: treating ___ ____
opioid addiction (naloxone, methadone, buprenorphine)
27
Mixed Agonist-Antagonist: - _____ receptor, ______ drug - ___ one receptor, _____ another
agonising; antagonizing | agonize; antagonize
28
How does opium have agonistic effects with regard to GABA?
it inhibits the GABA neurons so that there is an increase in dopamine levels and an increase in reinforcing effects
29
How is opium agonistic in the ventral tegmental area?
suppression of the inhibitory response of GABA on dopamine receptors
30
How is opium agonistic in the nucleus accumbens?
activation of m opioid receptors that inhibit the GABA neurons - this allows dopamine to be released in VTA and "enhancement" of the dopaminergic response
31
With opium, there is agonism of the ___ ___ receptor
glutamate NMDA
32
How does inhibition of opium effect nociception?
- A and C fibers | - Glutamate and substance P
33
How do A and C fibers decrease pain?
sensory pain signal from receptor to spinal cord - | these fibers are inhibited, stopping neurotransmission of the pain
34
How do glutamate and substance P stop pain?
it is the sensory pain signal from the spinal cord to the thalamus that is inhibited by activation of the medulla - this dulls/blunts the pain
35
Is there a tolerance seen with opium?
it is dose dependant
36
Tolerance with opium is ___ and ____ (allostatic principles) and is selective to ___, ____, and ____ ____ (conditioning effects)
accrued and relational analgesia, euphoria, and respiratory depression
37
Withdrawal lasts __-__ days
5-10
38
When does craving intensify?
at 36-72 hours
39
Withdrawal: at 8-12 hours you start to get what symptoms?
flu-like
40
Withdrawal: at 48-72 hours you start to get what symptoms?
pupil dilation, anorexia, piloerection, spastic arm/leg movements
41
90% relapse after withdrawal associated with ____
environment - this is evidence for conditioning
42
Detoxification: | Long term is ___ days and short term is ___ days
180; 30
43
You can use ___ or ____ for long term/short term detoxification
methadone or buprenophrine
44
Using methadone or buprenorphine will prevent ___, has ____ effects, and weak/no _____
withdrawal long-lasting euphoria
45
What is the debate for using methadone or buprenorphine?
institutional control of addicts - you can get addicted to methadone so it just gets addicts addicted to the institution
46
Naloxone is an ___ ____ - it binds as an agonist and induces what?
inverse agonist - induces opposite pharmacological response (ie. lowers the response)
47
Naloxone ____ withdrawal symptoms and ____ duration
increases, decreases
48
Ultra-rapid detoxification (2 days) is in conjunction with _____ for the first few hours
sedation/amesthetized

PSYC 345A - Midterm #3 (4 decks)

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