Opportunistic Infections

Question 1

Oral moniliasis: thrush
Vaginal moniliasis: _________

Answer 1

vulvovaginitis

Question 2

Onychomycosis: __________
Paronychomycosis: cuticle infection

Answer 2

nail infection

Question 3

Laboratory diagnosis of Candida:

Answer 3

1. Germ tube
2. CHROMagar

Question 4

hyphae-like extensions of young yeast cells showing parallel sides, are aseptate, and will not constrict at point of origin

(C. albicans, C. dubliniensis)

Answer 4

True germ tube:

Question 5

hyphae looks like germ tubes but with septate and constricted at point of origin

(all Candida exhibit pseudohyphae except C. globrata)

Answer 5

Pseudogerm tube

Question 6

uses enzymatic reactions to differentiate Candida spp

Answer 6

CHROMagar

Question 7

encapsulated yeast (mucoid colonies) cell in bird and bat droppings

Answer 7

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 8

Cryptococcus neoformans in Gram stain

Answer 8

demonstrates capsule

Question 9

Cryptococcus neoformans in India ink

Answer 9

starburst pattern

Question 10

Laboratory diagnosis of C. neoformans:

Answer 10

1. Urease & inositol (+); Nitrate (-)
2. Culture: SDA media without cycloheximide

Question 11

causes respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients, esp. AIDS

Answer 11

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 12

Specimen for Pneumocystis jiroveci

Answer 12

bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)