OPT 2222 Lesson 3

Question 1

Nosocomial

Answer 1

Infections acquired in hospitals, or in any healthcare setting

Question 2

zoonosis

Answer 2

Animal acquire infection on the human.

Question 3

3 Elements of Disease Transmission

Answer 3

1- A source or Reservoir of Infectious Agent
2-A susceptible Host with a Portal of Entry for the Agent
3-A mode of Transmission

Question 4

Disease Transmission

Answer 4

Direct contact from one person to another

Indirect contact through contaminated object ( fomite)

Question 5

What is the easiest way to infect an eye?

Answer 5

1) Direct contact from one person to another
2) Indirect contact through contaminated object( Fomite)
3) The person inoculates themselves

Question 6

Methods for studying microorganisms

Answer 6

Staining Microbes

Culturing Microbes

Question 7

The five I’s of Culturing Techs

Answer 7

1) Inoculation: Introduction of a sample into a container of “Media” to produce a Culture of Observable Growth
2) Incubation: Conditions that allow growth
3) Isolation: Separating one species from another
4) Inspection
5) Identification

Question 8

Inoculation

Answer 8

If an individual Bacterial Cell is separated from other cells, and has space on a nutrient surface to growth, it will form into a Mound of cells ( Colony)

Question 9

Colony

Answer 9

Consists of One Species

Question 10

Isolation Techs

Answer 10

1) Streak
2) Pour
3) Spread

Question 11

Kinds of Nutrients Media

Answer 11

1) Liquid, Semisolid, or Solid
2) Synthetic or Non synthetic
3) General Purpose, Enriched, Selective, Differential, Anaerobic, Transport, Assay, Enumeration
4) Physical State

Question 12

Ophthalmic Cultures

Answer 12

Must be obtained directly from pt. Plated, and Cultured immediately.

Question 13

Most Common Media

Answer 13

Nutrient Broth. Liquid Medium containing Beef Extract and Peptone

Question 14

Nutrient Agar

Answer 14

Solid Media Containing Beef Extract, Peptone, and Agar. Enriched Media.

Question 15

Differential Media

Answer 15

Allows Growth of Several types of Microbes and Displays Visible Differences between Microbes

Question 16

Reducing Media

Answer 16

Absorbs Oxygen, Slows Penetration of Oxygen into Medium , used for growing Anaerobic Bacteria.

Question 17

Incubation

Answer 17

Temperature Controlled Chamber

Microbes Multiplies and Produces Observable Growth

Question 18

Inspection

Answer 18

Macroscopic and Microscopic
Pure Cultures: Growths only single known Species
Mixed Cultures: Hold 2 or more Identified Species
Contaminated Culture: Growing unwanted microbes

Question 19

Identification

Answer 19

Macroscopic and Microscopic Appearance
Biochemical Tests
Genetic Characteristics
Immunological Testing

Question 20

Disposal of Cultures

Answer 20

Incinerate to destroy, do not throw away. Potentially hazardous cultures and specimens are disposed by steam sterilization, Incineration.

Question 21

Microscope

Answer 21

Used to see sm. things. If you are using visible lights waves, but the object is smaller than the light wave you cant se it with light.
Light reflected from image passes through curved glass and is bent or Refracted. Depending on size and curvature of Lens, Image appears Enlarged.

Question 22

Magnification

Answer 22

Objective Lens creates magnified Real Image
Projected through Oculars and Magnified to form Virtual Image you see
Total Magnification= Power of Objective * Power of Ocular

Question 23

Resolving Power

Answer 23

The capacity to distinguish 2 Adjacent Objects
Fxn of the wavelength of light and characteristics of Objective Lens
Numerical Aperture of lens ranges from 0.1 to 1.25
Oil Immersion prevents refractive loss of light resolution
Magnification between 40x and 2000x

Question 24

Oil immersion Lens

Answer 24

Used for higher Magnification

Question 25

Hanging Drop

Answer 25

View Size, Motility, shape, and arrangement of live cells. Uses a slide with a concave indentation for the sample

Question 26

Fixed Mounts

Answer 26

Most Common-Smear of Specimen is Stained for viewing | Staining Dyes create contrast imparting color to cells and organelles

Question 27

Basic Staining

Answer 27

Basic Cationic + Chromophore Positive staining Surfaces of Negatively charged microbes attract basic dyes and appear Blue.

Question 28

Simple Stains

Answer 28

One dye reveals shape, size, and arrangement of cells

Question 29

Differential Stains

Answer 29

1) Primary stain and counterstain distinguishes cell types or parts 2) Gram Stains 3) Acid -Fast 4) Endospore Stain

Question 30

Gram Stain

Answer 30

1) Primary Stain Crystal Violet 2) Trapping Agent Gram's Iodine 3) Decolorization with alcohol or acetone 4) Counterstain with Safranin

Question 31

Gram +

Answer 31

Appears Blue

Question 32

Gram -

Answer 32

Appears Red

Question 33

What is a Wet Mount?

Answer 33

Type of preparation to see the size, motility, shape, and arrangement of live cells. Using a drop of water to keep the sample in place

Question 34

Acid staining

Answer 34

Negative staining. Microbe repels dye and the background is stained Red. Acidic Anionic