Opthalm

Question 1

How should amaurosis fugax be treated?

Answer 1

Treat as TIA with 300mg Aspirin.

Question 2

What is a relative afferent pupillary defect?

Answer 2

Abnormal response in optic neuritis; affected eye dilates when light is shone on that eye.

Question 3

What is the treatment for orbital cellulitis?

Answer 3

Straight to IV Antibiotics.

Question 4

What are the symptoms of vitreous hemorrhage?

Answer 4

Floaters.

Question 5

What are the symptoms of posterior vitreous detachment?

Answer 5

Flashes and floaters.

Question 6

What condition is keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with?

Answer 6

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Question 7

What does drusen indicate?

Answer 7

Dry macular degeneration.

Question 8

What are the symptoms of Holmes Adie syndrome?

Answer 8

Dilated pupil, females, absent leg reflexes.

Question 9

What are angioid retinal streaks associated with?

Answer 9

Paget’s disease.

Question 10

What pain medication is recommended for mild-moderate renal impairment?

Answer 10

Oxycodone; buprenorphine for severe renal impairment.

Question 11

What can hyoscine hydrobromide be used for?

Answer 11

To treat secretions.

Question 12

How do beta blockers like timolol work in primary open-angle glaucoma?

Answer 12

By reducing aqueous production.

Question 13

What is the treatment for headaches caused by brain metastases?

Answer 13

Dexamethasone.

Question 14

What is benzydamine mouthwash used for?

Answer 14

Good for mouth pain.

Question 15

What is chlorhexidine mouthwash used for?

Answer 15

For infections.

Question 16

What is the most significant risk factor for macular degeneration?

Answer 16

Smoking.

Question 17

What is the difference between scleritis and episcleritis?

Answer 17

Scleritis is painful; episcleritis is not.

Question 18

What is a characteristic finding in retinitis pigmentosa?

Answer 18

Black bone spicule shaped pigmentation in the peripheral retina.

Question 19

What conditions can cause a red eye?

Answer 19

Glaucoma or uveitis?

Question 20

What are the symptoms of glaucoma?

Answer 20

Severe pain, haloes, ‘semi-dilated’ pupil.

Question 21

What are the symptoms of uveitis?

Answer 21

Small, fixed oval pupil, ciliary flush.

Question 22

What is keratitis associated with?

Answer 22

Contact lens wearers and hypopyon.

Question 23

What condition features angioid retinal streaks?

Answer 23

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

Question 24

What is a symptom of photocoagulation?

Answer 24

Decrease in night vision.

Question 25

What is fluorescein angiography used for in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)?

Answer 25

To look for neovascularization.

Question 26

What does keratitis present with?

Answer 26

Eye discharge.

Question 27

What is the first line treatment for blepharitis?

Answer 27

Hot compresses and mechanical removal of lid debris.

Question 28

What is Hutchinson's sign?

Answer 28

Tip of nose indicates ophthalmic shingles.

Question 29

What are flashes and floaters commonly caused by?

Answer 29

Posterior vitreous detachment.

Question 30

What type of drug is memantine?

Answer 30

NMDA receptor antagonist.

Question 31

What is the Argyl Robertson pupil associated with?

Answer 31

Syphilis; pupil reflex absent (PRA) and accommodation reflex present (ARP).

Question 32

What are the symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa?

Answer 32

Night blindness and tunnel vision.

Question 33

What is the treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 33

Laser photocoagulation.

Question 34

What is bevacizumab?

Answer 34

A monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Question 35

What is the mechanism of action of timolol?

Answer 35

Reduced aqueous humor production.

Question 36

What is the mechanism of action of latanoprost?

Answer 36

Increased outflow.

Question 37

What is Anti-Ri associated with?

Answer 37

Breast cancer.