Opthalmology

Question 1

Open angle glaucoma treatment 1st line

Answer 1

prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers

Question 2

open angle glaucoma 1st/2nd line treatment

Answer 2

alpha 2 agonists

Question 3

open angle glaucoma 2nd line treatment

Answer 3

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 4

open angle glaucoma 3rd line treatment

Answer 4

rho kinase inhibitors

Question 5

open angle glaucoma last line (4th) treatment

Answer 5

cholinergics

Question 6

Open angle glaucoma symtoms

Answer 6

none in early stages, then patchy blind spots in peripheral vision, vision difficulty in central vision

Question 7

Open angle glaucoma diagnosis

Answer 7

measuring intraocular pressure, optic nerve damage testing, vision loss assessment, corneal thickness measurement, inspection of drainage canal

Question 8

Closed angle glaucoma symptoms

Answer 8

severe headache or blurred vision, severe pain or halos around light, N/V, redness in eye/cloudy cornea

Question 9

Closed angle glaucoma treatment

Answer 9

Hyperosmotic agents: mannitol (IV) or glycerin (PO)
Surgery: iridotomy

Question 10

Meds that increase intraocular pressure

Answer 10

anticholinergics, chronic steroids, decongestants, antidepressants, topiramate (anticonvulsant)

Question 11

Prostaglandin analog MOA

Answer 11

increase aqueous humor outflow

Question 12

Beta blocker MOA

Answer 12

reduce aqueous humor production

Question 13

alpha 2 agonist MOA

Answer 13

increase aqueous humor outflow AND reduce aqueous humor production

Question 14

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MOA

Answer 14

reducing aqueous humor production

Question 15

Rho kinase MOA

Answer 15

increasing aqueous humor outflow

Question 16

Cholinergic MOA

Answer 16

increase aqueous humor outflow

Question 17

Prostaglandin analog drugs (1 drop QHS)

Answer 17

Latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, bimatoprost (PROSTs)

Question 18

Beta blocker drugs (1 drop QD or BID)

Answer 18

betaxolol, timolol, carteolol, levobunolol (OLOLs)

Question 19

Alpha 2 agonist drugs (1 drop TID)

Answer 19

aprachlonidine, brimonidine, lumify (brimonidine) (ONIDINEs)

Question 20

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drugs (1 drop TID)

Answer 20

dorzolamide, brinzolamide, acetazolamide, methazolamide (ZOLAMIDEs)

Question 21

Rho kinase inhibitor drugs (1 drop QPM)

Answer 21

netarsudil + latanoprost

Question 22

Cholinergic drugs (1-2 drops TID or QID)

Answer 22

carbachol, pilocarpine

Question 23

glaucoma risk factors

Answer 23

corneal thickness, eye injury, use of steroids, hypertension, bad vision, diabetes, sickle cell anemia

Question 24

eye drop administration in patient with contacts?

Answer 24

take contacts out, reapply after 15 minutes

Question 25

how long between administration of multiple doses of the same eye drop?

Answer 25

5 minutes

Question 26

how long between administration of multiple types of eyedrops

Answer 26

10 minutes

Question 27

How long between 2 ointments

Answer 27

30 min

Question 28

How long between eye drop and ointment?

Answer 28

eye drop first, wait 10 min then administer ointment

Question 29

prostaglandin analog warnings and side effects

Answer 29

warning: eyelash thickening, darkening around the eyes Side effects: blurred vision, stinging, light sensitivity

Question 30

beta blockers contraindications and side effects

Answer 30

Contraindications: sinus bradycardia, heart related conditions, bronchospastic disease Side effects: blurred vision, stinging, bradycardia, breathing problems

Question 31

alpha 2 agonists warnings and side effects

Answer 31

warnings: CNS depression side effects: blurred vision, dry eyes, xerostomia, sedation/confusion, conjunctival hyperemia

Question 32

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors warnings and side effects

Answer 32

warnings: sulfonamide allergy side effects: blurred vision, burning, blepharitis, taste disturbances, ataxia, confusion, photosensitivity, nausea, metabolic acidosis

Question 33

rho kinase inhibitors side effects

Answer 33

burning, corneal disease, conjunctival hemorrhage, conjunctival hyperemia

Question 34

cholinergics warnings and side effects

Answer 34

warnings: caution in pts with history of retinal detachment or corneal abrasion side effects: corneal clouding, pupil constriction, hypotension, bronchospasms, cramping in abdomen/GI distress