opthamology saqs

Question 1

red eye in neonate - consider

Answer 1

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 2

What is a cotton wool spot?

Answer 2

Ishcaem ic nerve fibres

Question 3

Tx options for diabetic retinopathies

Answer 3

1. proliferative: intravitreal VEGF inhibitors
2. non-proliferative: panretinal laser photocoagulation

Question 4

loss of central vision on bg of diabetic retinopathy =

Answer 4

maculopathy

Question 5

stages of hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 5

Question 6

Risks of cataract surgery (early and late)

Answer 6

Early - po sterio r capsule rupture; late - p o sterio r capsule
opacification

Endophthalmitis: inflammation of aqueous and/or vitreous humour

Question 7

What is gonioscopy and why is it important for open angle glaucoma

Answer 7

G onioscopy is the m easurem ent o f the iridocorneal angle. It
is im p o rtan t to distinguish betw een open- and closed-angle
glaucom a.

Question 8

after Dx of open angle glaucoma what is the next most important structure to examine and why

Answer 8

O p tic disc and evidence o f optic disc cupping.

Question 9

Tx for primary open angle glaucoma

Answer 9

1. trabechuloplasty
2. Prostaglandins, BBlockers, carbonic anhydrase, miotics
3. trabechulectomy

Question 10

what causes blurred vision in open angle glaucoma?

Answer 10

corneal oedema

Question 11

definitive Tx of open angle glaucoma?

Answer 11

peripheral iridectomy

Question 12

who is more at risk for retinal detatchment and why

Answer 12

M yopia, due to th in n in g o f retina as it is stretched over a larger
area.

Question 13

Tx options for retinal detatchment

Answer 13

C ryotherapy, laser therapy, vitrectom y, scleral buckle, pneum atic
retinopexy.

Question 14

window to save eyesight in GCA

Answer 14

6h

Question 15

shingles on nose - significance? what is the name of the sign and what nerve is affected?

Answer 15

N asociliary nerve; m eans th ere will be likely corneal involvem ent,
w ith a loss o f corneal sensation leaving the cornea vulnerable to
abrasion; H u tch in so n ’s sign.

Question 16

Following panretinal laser photocoagulation up to 50% of patients have

Answer 16

a noticeable reduction in their visual field

Question 17

Pathophysiology of acute closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 17

blockage of trabecular meshwork by iris at Schlemm’s canal –> impaired aq humour drainage –> rise in intraocular pressure

Question 18

infant with bacterial conjunctivitis secondary to maternal intrapartum infection, Tx for
chlamydia:
gonorrhea:

Answer 18

chlamydia: erythromycin
gonorrhea: cefotaxime/IM benpen

Question 19

Cataract RFs

Answer 19

● Increasing age. ● Excessive sunlight. ● Ionising radiation. ● Eye trauma. ● High myopia. ● Recurrent uveitis. ● Corticosteroid use.

Question 20

What are the 2 types of catarct?

Answer 20

senile, congenital

Question 21

Complication that occurs within 7 days of catarct surgery?

Answer 21

Endophthalmitis
Mx: IV abx, vitrectomty, steroids

Question 22

which dermatome is affected in herpes zoster opthalmicus?

Answer 22

opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve

Question 23

in optho, when do you use:
1. topical aciclovir
2. oral aciclovir

Answer 23

1. topical aciclovir: herpes dendritic ulcer
2. oral aciclovir: herpes zoster opthalmicus

Question 24

Tx for episcleritis?

Answer 24

topical NSAIDs, lubricating eye drops

Question 25

the abducens nerve supplies which muscle

Answer 25

lateral rectus

Question 26

Tx for cranial nerve Vl palsy?

Answer 26

prisms occlusion botulinum toxin

Question 27

Othr than painless vision loss and cherry red spot, what are the other signs on examination of central retinal artery occlusion?

Answer 27

RAPD visible emboli on fundoscopy optic disc oedemaa

Question 28

difference between wet and dry ARMD?

Answer 28

The dry type is the presence of drusen and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy. The wet type is the neovascularisation of the retina and subsequent bleeding.

Question 29

Retinoblastima Ix

Answer 29

● Ultrasound orbit. ● CT head. ● MRI head. ● Genetic testing.

Question 30

Retinoblastoma Tx

Answer 30

laser therapy cryotherapy radiotherapy chemotherapy enucleation

Question 31

what are the 2 layers of the rrtina

Answer 31

The neurosensory layer containing photoreceptors and ganglion cells and the retinal pigment epithelium.

Question 32

types of retinal detatchment?

Answer 32

Rhegmatogenous. Tractional. Exudative.

Question 33

other than ballooning vision loss, what are other symptoms of retinal detatchment?

Answer 33

● Floaters. ● Flashing lights. ● Loss of red reflex.

Question 34

Tx options for retinal detatchment?

Answer 34

vitrectomy scleral buckling cryotherapy laser photocoagulation