Optho

Question 1

What is amblyopia?

Answer 1

Impaired or dim vision without an obvious defect or change of the eye
Lazy eye

Question 2

What is the treatment for amblyopia?

Answer 2

Refractive: Rx glasses, possibly patching
Deprivation: surgery

Question 3

What is strabismus?

Answer 3

When the eyes do not line up due to a muscle or refractive issue
Cross eye

Question 4

What is the difference between esotropia and exotropia?

Answer 4

Esotropia - nasal deviation of the eye
Exotropia - temporal deviation of the eye

Question 5

What is the treatment for strabismus?

Answer 5

Rx glasses, possibly patching
Vision therapy
Possible surgery

Question 6

What presents with blurred of vision with a gradual onset, complaints of difficulty driving at night, & the feeling of looking through a film?

Answer 6

Cataracts

Question 7

What is the treatment for cataracts?

Answer 7

Surgical replacement of crystalline lens & implantation of corrective implant

Question 8

What can present with a swollen eyelid that is painful, & may have an external visible pustule?

Answer 8

Hordeolum (stye)

Question 9

What is the first line treatment for a hordeolum?

Answer 9

Hot compress (if internal, oral abx)

Question 10

What presents as a swollen nodule, similarly to a hordeolum, but is not painful?

Answer 10

Chalazion

Question 11

What is the treatment for a chalazion?

Answer 11

Hot compress & oral abx (doxy)
May require surgical excision

Question 12

What is the difference between ectropion and entropion?

Answer 12

Ectropion: lower eyelid rolls out causing constant watering (epiphora)
Entropion: lower eyelid rolls inward causing a constant foreign body sensation

Question 13

What is the first step for a known chemical burn to the eye?

Answer 13

Copious irrigation

Question 14

How does allergic conjunctivitis present that is different from viral/bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 14

Little to no discharge; if there is discharge, it is watery

Question 15

What presents with painful, red eye that possibly has reduced vision & sensitivity to light that is caused by inflammation of the anterior chamber?

Answer 15

Iritis

Question 16

What commonly presents after a trauma and has blood in the anterior chamber?

Answer 16

Hyphema

Question 17

What disorder has been described as feeling like a deep, boring pain?

Answer 17

Scleritis

Question 18

How are corneal abrasions often described in terms of symptoms?

Answer 18

Feels like there is something (foreign body) in the eye

Question 19

Corneal abrasions can be diagnosed using what?

Answer 19

Cornea stain w/fluorescein

Question 20

If a patient presents stating that they believe they got vegetative (plant) matter in their eye, what should you NOT prescribe them?

Answer 20

Steroids

Question 21

What is more commonly seen in children and presents with a white pupil, strabismus, & an elevated white mass w/indistinct borders on fundoscopy exam?

Answer 21

Retinoblastoma
most common eye cancer in children

Question 22

What are the signs/symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 22

Microaneurysms
Dot/blot hemes
Retinal edema/hard exudates
Cotton wool spots
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA)
Macular edema

Question 23

What is the treatment for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 23

Glucose management
Laser photocoagulation
Vitrectomy

Question 24

What can present with arteriovenous nicking in mild cases?

Answer 24

Hypertensive retinopathy

Question 25

What is a sign/symptom of severe hypertensive retinopathy?

Answer 25

Optic disc edema

Question 26

What presents with unilateral, painless loss of vision & whitening of the retina w/a macular cherry red spot?

Answer 26

Central retinal artery occlusion

Question 27

What is the treatment for central retinal artery occlusion?

Answer 27

There is not proven effective treatment

Question 28

What presents with diffuse retinal hemes in all 4 quadrants, tortuous veins, cotton wool spots, edema, & neovascularization?

Answer 28

Central retinal vein occlusion

Question 29

What is the treatment for central retinal vein occlusion?

Answer 29

Treat the underlying cause (ex HTN)

Question 30

What are the differences between primary open angle glaucoma and acute angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 30

Primary open angle: slow progression w/peripheral field of vision loss first Acute angle: sudden, cloudy vision, halos around lights, nausea, headache *ocular emergency*

Question 31

What causes progressive deterioration of central vision due to damage to the retinal pigment epithelium?

Answer 31

Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

Question 32

What disorder has been described as appearing as a curtain fell over the patient's vision suddenly?

Answer 32

Retinal detachment

Question 33

What is the treatment for a retinal detachment?

Answer 33

Surgical repair Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) (Old way is to use a scleral buckle)

Question 34

How do you diagnose herpes in the eye?

Answer 34

Fluorescein slit lamp Will appear dendritic

Question 35

If a patient comes in with shingles on the face, what is the first step you should take?

Answer 35

Refer to optho