Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clin Med > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

(84 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the most common accident and cause of hospitalization in pts > 65 yo?

A

Falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common primary bone cancer of childhood?

A

Osteosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do x-rays look in a pt who has osteosarcoma?

A

Moth eaten
Sunburst
Codman triangle
Fluffy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for osteosarcoma?

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the 2nd most common primary malignant bone tumor that mostly affects adolescents?

A

Ewing sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What appearance does Ewing sarcoma have on x-ray?

A

Onion skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for Ewing sarcoma?

A

CT guided core-needle biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the 3rd most common primary malignancy of bone that primarily affects pts > 50 yo

A

Chondrosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for chondrosarcoma?

A

Core-needle biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What symptoms might direct you to consider that a pt may have metastatic bone tumors?

A

Progressive pain that is unresponsive to typical MSK treatment
Night pain
Weight loss
Pain w/weight bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do most bone mets originate from?

A

Breast
Prostate
Lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the classic symptoms of osteoid osteoma?

A

Severe intermittent pain at night that is relieved with NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Does osteoid osteoma become malignant?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for osteoid osteoma?

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the curative treatment for osteoid osteoma?

A

Surgical excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the human body?

A

Lipoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the most common signs/symptoms of a lipoma?

A

Rubbery mass that grows slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What size lipoma would you get imaging for?

A

> 10cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What % of lipomas return even if surgically removed?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What presents with anterior shoulder pain that gets worse with activity and has a popping sensation when reaching behind or overhead?

A

Bicipital tendinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What presents with a decreased ROM in the shoulder, weakness, pain that is ongoing for months, has a “grating” or “catching” sensation, and has pain when reaching or lying on the affected side?

A

Rotator cuff disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What muscles are part of the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the imaging of choice for a rotator cuff disorder?

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What can occur in a pt that has prolonged immobilization of the shoulder?

A

Frozen shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What presents as lateral elbow pain that is worse with lifting, gripping, and wrist twisting motion?
Epicondylitis
26
What presents with pain over the olecranon process?
Olecranon bursitis
27
What are the signs/symptoms of a nursemaid's elbow?
Child < 5 yo Acute elbow pain that rapidly subsides Reluctance to use injured arm Positive "popsicle test"
28
How do you treat a pt with a nursemaid's elbow injury?
Manual manipulation
29
What is the difference between tennis elbow and golfer's elbow?
Tennis: lateral epicondylitis Golfer: medial epicondylitis
30
How does carpal tunnel occur?
The median nerve is compressed through the carpal tunnel
31
What 2 diagnostic tests will be positive in a pt with carpal tunnel?
Phalen Tinel
32
What presents with pain at the base of the thumb that gets worse with abduction?
De Quervian's tenosynovitis
33
What test will be positive in a pt with De Quervian's?
Finkelstein
34
What fingers are commonly affected by trigger finger?
1st (thumb) 2nd (index) 3rd (middle)
35
What are the signs/symptoms of trigger finger?
Progressively more frequent "locking" of the finger in the flexed position without a preceding injury
36
What commonly affects the 4th (ring) and 5th (pinky) finger and presents with fingers flexed toward the palm?
Dupuytren's contracture
37
What presents with lateral hip pain that increases with walking, running, or lying on the affected side and does NOT radiate below the knee?
Trochanteric bursitis
38
What presents after a twisting injury to the knee that gets worse with going up/down stairs, and "pops" and "clicks" with flexion/extension?
Meniscus tear
39
What is the most common synovial cyst in the knee?
Baker's cyst
40
What diagnostic test will be positive in a pt with a meniscus tear?
McMurray's Thessaly
41
How do collateral ligament injuries occur?
ACL: deceleration injury w/immediate "pop"/pain MCL: valgus force (knees go towards each other) LCL: varus force (knees away from each other)
42
How are collateral ligament injuries graded?
Grade I: < 5mm joint space opening Grade II: 5-10mm joint space opening Grade III: > 10mm joint space opening
43
What grade collateral ligament tears require surgical reconstruction?
Grade III
44
What is the Ottawa criteria?
Used to determine if imaging should be done for an ankle injury 1. inability to bear weight AND/OR 2. direct bony tenderness of the medial or lateral malleolus
45
How many of the Ottawa criteria must be met to get an x-ray for an ankle injury?
1 or both
46
What are the classic symptoms of plantar fasciitis?
Pain to the arch of the foot/heel that is the worst with the 1st step of the day, improves with walking, and worsens at the end of the day
47
What disorder occurs when there is more osteoclast activity (bone breakdown) than osteoblast (bone building) activity?
Osteoporosis
48
When do you start screening pts for osteoporosis?
Women at 65 yo Men at 70 yo
49
What tests are used to screen for osteoporosis?
DEXA (bone density) scan FRAX (fracture risk assessment score)
50
Most ortho disorders/injuries are treated conservatively first with what?
Tylenol/NSAIDs Therapy/activity mods Steroid injections RICE
51
What is the treatment for osteoporosis?
Decrease fracture risk Bisphosphonates, hormones/SERMs Lifestyle: calcium, Vit D3, weight bearing exercise, fall prevention
52
What is the 2nd most common bone remodeling disease?
Paget's disease
53
What disorder is commonly described as "softening" of the bone?
Osteomalacia
54
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for osteomalacia?
Bone biopsy
55
What is the most common ortho injury and what typically causes it?
Distal radius fracture FOOSH
56
What is the most common carpal fracture and presents with anatomic snuffbox tenderness?
Scaphoid fracture
57
What presents with pain to the thumb and inability to pinch/grasp and is commonly seen in those who play soccer and football?
Thumb collateral ligament injury (gamekeeper's thumb)
58
What bone is injured in someone with a boxer's fracture?
5th metacarpal neck
59
What is the 3rd most common non-vertebral fracture in pts > 65 yo?
Proximal humerus fracture
60
What injury is common in runners and military personnel due to overuse and repetitive stress?
Tibial shaft stress fracture
61
What is the most common ortho disorder in newborns?
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
62
What tests are used to test for developmental dysplasia of the hip?
Barlow or Ortolani
63
What diagnostic tests/tools are used for developmental dysplasia of the hip?
Screening at < 3 months old Ultrasound (birth - 4 months) Xray (> or = 4-6 months) MRI arthrogram (adolescents & above)
64
What is the most common disorder that affects adolescent hips?
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
65
What are the signs/symptoms of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)?
Atraumatic Pain lasting months Knee pain Abnormal gait/limp Obligatory external rotation during passive flexion of the hip (Drehmann sign)
66
What Cobb angle is diagnostic for scoliosis?
> 10*
67
What is the treatment for scoliosis?
< 20* curve: observation 20-50* curve: bracing > 50* curve: surgery
68
What is the most common cause of neck/back pain that presents to primary care?
Mechanical (muscular) neck and back pain
69
What should you assess for in all pts who present for back pain?
Cauda equina syndrome
70
What is commonly caused by a herniated/bulging lumbar intervertebral disc?
Sciatica
71
What are the signs/symptoms of sciatica?
Mechanical lower back pain with "burning" pain to the buttocks Radiation of pain down the lower extremity to the foot
72
What presents with an increase in the forward curvature of the spine beyond normal range and pt may appear to have a rounded or humped deformity of the upper back?
Kyphosis
73
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for kyphosis?
X-ray
74
What Cobb angle is diagnostic for kyphosis?
> 40*
75
What is the treatment for kyphosis?
60* or <: conservative > 75*: surgery Adolescents w/ > 60*: back brace
76
What are the 3 types of kyphosis?
Postural kyphosis (starts in adolescence) Scheuermann disease (starts before puberty) Congenital (starts at birth)
77
What are the normal ranges of motion?
Flexion: 90* Extension: 30* Lateral side bending: 30* Rotation: 30*
78
What presents with upper/lower back pain that improves with rest and spine flexion and worsens with ambulation & spine extension?
Spinal stenosis
79
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for spinal stenosis?
MRI
80
What other disorder presents with similar symptoms as sciatica?
Herniated disc
81
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for a herniated disc?
MRI
82
What presents with saddle anesthesia and loss of bowel/bladder function and is a medical emergency?
Cauda equina syndrome
83
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for cauda equina syndrome?
Urgent MRI
84
What is the treatment for cauda equina syndrome?
Prompt neurosurg/ortho consult for decompression

Clin Med (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions