oral and biological disease management

Question 1

Name the Medical Emergency

Breathlessness and expiratory wheeze, inability to complete sentences in one breath.

RR = less than 25 per min
Pulse = less than 110/min

Answer 1

Asthma

Question 2

Name the Medical Emergency

Feeling faint/dizzy/lightheaded.
Collapse and loss of consciousness with sweating, pallor, bradycardia and low blood pressure, nausea and vomiting.

Answer 2

Syncope

Question 3

Name the Medical Emergency

Shaking / trembling, slurred speech and vagueness, sweating and pallor, blurred vision, lethargy, confusion/aggression and loss of consciousness.

Answer 3

Hypoglycaemia

Question 4

Name the Medical Emergency

Sudden collapse and loss of consciousness, rigidity, cyanosis, jerking movements of limbs, noisy breathing, bitten tongue, frothing at the mouth, incontinence.

Answer 4

Epilepsy

Question 5

Name the Medical Emergency

Sudden onset, urticaria/angioedema, flushing and pallor, respiratory distress stridor, wheeze, hypotension and tachycardia.

Answer 5

Anaphylaxis

Question 6

SOCRATES

Individual pain threshold may determine the relationship between this and seeking therapeutic treatment.

Answer 6

Onset

Question 7

SOCRATES

May be achieved by stimulating activity in A beta neurones that branch in the dorsal horn before entering the dorsal columns.

Answer 7

Exacerbations

Question 8

SOCRATES

May be difficult to determine if the pain is of neuropathic origin.

Answer 8

Site

Question 9

SOCRATES

The description of neuropathic pain using terms such as shooting, burning, stabbing or electric shock-like.

Answer 9

Character

Question 10

SOCRATES

May be described in terms of duration and using words such as mild, distracting, moderate etc.

Answer 10

Severity

Question 11

What is the FDI notation for permanent teeth?

Answer 11

UR - 1
UL - 2
LL - 3
LR - 4

Question 12

Using FDI notation, which tooth is the least vulnerable to caries or trauma?

Answer 12

13 and 23 (upper canines)

Question 13

Using FDI notation, which teeth are vulnerable to the non-carious tooth surface loss associated with gastrointestinal-oesophageal reflux disease?

Answer 13

11, 12, 21, 22

(upper anteriors, think where it hits when it comes up)

Question 14

Using FDI notation, which teeth are at increased risk of trauma in a class II div I malocclusion?

Answer 14

11, 12, 21, 22

(because incisors stick out in class 2 div 1).

Question 15

Using FDI notation, which teeth are commonly missing in individuals with mild congenital hypodontia?

Answer 15

35, 45

(lower 5s usually missing in hypodontia).

Question 16

Using FDI notation, which teeth are at greatest risk of caries due to a combination of morphology and eruption dates.

Answer 16

16, 26, 36, 46

(all 6s)

Question 17

A possible outcome of dependence on fruit juice at bed time in toddlers.

• bruxism
• erosion
• gingivitis
• leukoplakia
• periodontitis
• pulpitis
• rampant caries
• xerostomia

Answer 17

Rampant Caries

Question 18

May be masked by a nicotine induced reduction in blood flow and reversed following smoking cessation.

• bruxism
• erosion
• gingivitis
• leukoplakia
• periodontitis
• pulpitis
• rampant caries
• xerostomia

Answer 18

Gingivitis

Question 19

May be associated with p53 overexposure

• bruxism
• erosion
• gingivitis
• leukoplakia
• periodontitis
• pulpitis
• rampant caries
• xerostomia

Answer 19

Leukoplakia

(p53 is a tumour suppressor gene - leukoplakia can be malignant)

Question 20

An unfortunate consequence of overindulgence in white wine.

Answer 20

Erosion

Question 21

Associated with the abuse of opiates, amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana and MDMA

• bruxism
• erosion
• gingivitis
• leukoplakia
• periodontitis
• pulpitis
• rampant caries
• xerostomia

Answer 21

Xerostomia

Question 22

Oral Lesions and Infections

Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find adenocarcinomas?

Answer 22

Parotid Gland

(because it contains a larger amount of glandular tissue compared to the others, making it more susceptible to adenocarcinomas)

Question 23

Oral Lesions and Infections

Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find HPV positive oropharyngeal cancer?

Answer 23

The tongue.

Question 24

Oral Lesions and Infections

Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find minor apthous ulcers?

Answer 24

Buccal Mucosa

Question 25

**Oral Lesions and Infections** Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find sialadenitis?

Answer 25

**Parotid Gland** - sialadenitis is inflammation of a salivary gland. - more common in the parotid due to larger size and complex duct system which makes it more susceptible to blockages.

Question 26

**Oral Lesions and Infections** Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find SCCs.

Answer 26

Tongue (lateral borders)

Question 27

**Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease** Associated with salivary gland enlargement and dysguesia. - Chronic Kidney Disease - Hashimoto’s Disease - Hyperparathyroidism - Silent TSH Adenoma - Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 27

Hashimoto’s Disease

Question 28

**Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease** In the severest form, it can cause enlargement of both jaws and such cases are known as osteitis fibrosa cystica. - Chronic Kidney Disease - Hashimoto’s Disease - Hyperparathyroidism - Silent TSH Adenoma - Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 28

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 29

**Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease** Associated with abnormal lip pigmentation, halitosis, periodontitis and candidiasis. - Chronic Kidney Disease - Hashimoto’s Disease - Hyperparathyroidism - Silent TSH Adenoma - Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 29

Chronic Kidney Disease

Question 30

**Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease** Signs and symptoms include increased susceptibility to caries and increased risk of burning mouth syndrome/sjogren’s. - Chronic Kidney Disease - Hashimoto’s Disease - Hyperparathyroidism - Silent TSH Adenoma - Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 30

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 31

**Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease** Dental signs include anterior open bite, delayed eruption and enamel hypoplasia. - Chronic Kidney Disease - Hashimoto’s Disease - Hyperparathyroidism - Silent TSH Adenoma - Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 31

Hashimoto’s Disease

Question 32

**Periodontal Terms** Where bone loss, usually from periodontal disease, affects the base of the root trunk of a tooth where 2 or more roots meet. - abfraction - furcation lesion - material alba - metaplasia - pyogenic granuloma - stomatitis medicamentosa

Answer 32

Furcation Lesion

Question 33

**Periodontal Terms** The hypothetical process leading to the loss of cervical tooth structure due to a combination of abrasion, erosion, and/or occlusal forces. - abfraction - furcation lesion - material alba - metaplasia - pyogenic granuloma - stomatitis medicamentosa

Answer 33

Abfraction

Question 34

**Periodontal Terms** A reactive overgrowth possibly in response to local irritation or trauma. Often ulcerated and may be smooth or lobulated. - abfraction - furcation lesion - material alba - metaplasia - pyogenic granuloma - stomatitis medicamentosa

Answer 34

**Pyogenic Granuloma** (benign skin growth triggered by trauma / hormones)

Question 35

**Periodontal Terms** A change from 1 adult cell type to another form which is not normal to that tissue. - abfraction - furcation lesion - material alba - metaplasia - pyogenic granuloma - stomatitis medicamentosa

Answer 35

Metaplasia

Question 36

**Periodontal Terms** Loosely adherent, white curds of matter composed of dead cells, food debris and other components of the dental plaque found on the tooth. - abfraction - furcation lesion - material alba - metaplasia - pyogenic granuloma

Answer 36

Material Alba

Question 37

**Bacterium associated with secondary endodontic infection:** a. enterococcus faecalis b. helicobacter pylori c. prevotella intermedia d. streptococcus mutans e. streptococcus pneumonia

Answer 37

**A** - enterococcus faecalis

Question 38

**Bacterium associated with dental caries:** a. enterococcus faecalis b. helicobacter pylori c. prevotella intermedia d. streptococcus mutans e. streptococcus pneumonia

Answer 38

**D** - strep mutans

Question 39

**Bacterium associated with otitis media:** a. enterococcus faecalis b. helicobacter pylori c. prevotella intermedia d. streptococcus mutans e. streptococcus pneumonia

Answer 39

**E** - streptococcus pneumonia

Question 40

**Bacterium associated with necrotising ulcerative gingivitis:** a. enterococcus faecalis b. helicobacter pylori c. prevotella intermedia d. streptococcus mutans e. streptococcus pneumonia

Answer 40

**C** - prevotella intermedia

Question 41

**Bacterium associated with stomach ulcers:** a. enterococcus faecalis b. helicobacter pylori c. prevotella intermedia d. streptococcus murals e. streptococcus pneumonia

Answer 41

**C** - helicobacter pylori

Question 42

**Dental Plaque** Which bacterial structure contains genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance? a. fimbriae b. flagella c. lipopolysaccharide d. peptidoglycan e. plasmid

Answer 42

**E** - plasmid

Question 43

**Dental Plaque** Name the appendages that aid in adhesion which can be found on G-ve periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis. a. fimbriae b. flagella c. lipopolysaccharide d. peptidoglycan e. plasmid

Answer 43

**A** - fimbriae (hair-like structures)

Question 44

**Dental Plaque** Which cell wall structure helps to retain primary stain and characteristic colour to G+ve bacteria? a. fimbriae b. flagella c. lipopolysaccharide d. peptidoglycan e. plasmid

Answer 44

**D** - peptidoglycan

Question 45

**Dental Plaque** Name the outer membrane virulent factor found in G-ve periodontal pathogen P.gingivalis. a. fimbriae b. flagella c. lipopolysaccharide d. peptidoglycan e. plasmid

Answer 45

**C** - lipopolysaccharide

Question 46

**Dental Plaque** Long, thin filaments which aid bacterial motility. a. fimbriae b. flagella c. lipopolysaccharide d. peptidoglycan e. plasmid

Answer 46

**B** - flagella

Question 47

**Embryology of the Tooth** Gives rise to Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath during root formation. a. cap stage b. cervical loops c. crown stage d. dental lamina e. first branchial arch

Answer 47

**B** - cervical loop

Question 48

**Embryology of the Tooth** Contains mature ameloblasts. a. cap stage b. cervical loops c. crown stage d. dental lamina e. first branchial arch

Answer 48

**C** - crown stage

Question 49

**Embryology of the Tooth** First present in a 6 week old foetus. The first evidence of tooth development. a. cap stage b. cervical loops c. crown stage d. dental lamina e. first branchial arch

Answer 49

**D** - dental lamina