Oral Anti-diabetics (OAD) (week 7)

Question 1

Name a Biguanide

Answer 1

Metformin (Glucophage)

Question 2

What is the use of Metformin (Glucophage)?

Answer 2

Decreases hepatic glucose production

Increase sensitivity to insulin

Question 3

What are the common side effects of Metformin (Glucophage)?

Answer 3

Abdominal bleeding
Diarrhea
Vomiting

Question 4

What are the serious side effects of metformin (Glucophage)?

Answer 4

Black Box Warning - risk of lactic acidosis

Question 5

What are some baseline info you want to know when administering Metformin (Glucophage)?

Answer 5

PMH of severe Renal dysfunction

Metabolic acidosis

Question 6

What are the two drugs that act on the pancreas?

Answer 6

Meglitinides Sulfonynlureas

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors

Question 7

Name a Sulfonylureas

Answer 7

Glyburide (Diabeta)

Question 8

What are the common side effects of Glyburide (DiaBeta)?

Answer 8

Weight gain
GI Fullness
Nausea

Question 9

What are the serious side effects of Glyburide (DiaBeta)?

Answer 9

Hypoglycemia

Question 10

What should you know before administering Glyburide (DiaBeta)?

Answer 10

Contraindicated pregnancy & Breast feeding
Type 1 DM
DKA

Question 11

Palpitations, Tachycardia, Sweating, Fatigue, Excessive hunger

Answer 11

Signs of Hypoglycemia

Question 12

Name a Meglitinide

Answer 12

Repaglinide (Prandin)

Question 13

What is the MOA of Repaglinide (Prandin)?

Answer 13

Stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells by closing potassium channels

Question 14

What are the common side effects of Repaglinide (Prandin)?

Answer 14

Hypoglycemia
Headache
URi

Question 15

What are the serious side effects of Repaglinide (prancing)?

Answer 15

Cardiovascular event - MI

Question 16

What med should you avoid when taking Repaglinide (Prandin)?

Answer 16

Gemfibrozil (Lopid)

Question 17

How should Repaglinide (Prandin) be administered?

Answer 17

With a meal, 30 mins or less before eating

Question 18

Name a DPP-4 Inhibitor

Answer 18

Sitagliptin (Januvia)

Question 19

What are the common side effects of Sitagliptin (Januvia)?

Answer 19

Hypoglycemia
Headache
Nausea
URI

Question 20

What are the serious side effects of Sitagliptin (Januvia)?

Answer 20

Drug-induced Pancreatitis

Acute renal failure

Question 21

Servere and persistent abdominal pain, with or without vomiting

Answer 21

Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis

Question 22

How should Sitagliptin be administered?

Answer 22

Without regard to food

Question 23

Name a Thiazolinedione (TZD)

Answer 23

Pioglitazone (Actos)

Question 24

What is Pioglitazone (Actos) commonly referred as?

Answer 24

Glitazone

Question 25

What are the common side effects of Pioglitazone (Actos)?

Answer 25

Edema | Weight gain

Question 26

What are the serious side effects of Pioglitazone (Actos)?

Answer 26

Black Box Warning - risk of heart failure

Question 27

What is a contraindication of Pioglitazone?

Answer 27

Severe heart failure | Bladder cancer

Question 28

Dyspnea, weight gain, fatigue

Answer 28

Signs of heart failure

Question 29

Blood in urine, worsting urinary urgency, painful urination

Answer 29

Signs of bladder cancer

Question 30

Strong INDUCERS of CyP2C8 ____ pioglitazone levels

Answer 30

Reduce

Question 31

Strong INHIBITORS of CYP2C8 ____ Pioglitazone levels

Answer 31

Increase

Question 32

Name an Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor (AGI)

Answer 32

Acarbose (Precose)

Question 33

What are the most common side effects of Acarbose (Precose)?

Answer 33

Abdominal pain Diarrhea FLATULENCE

Question 34

Name a Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor

Answer 34

Empagliflozin (Jardiance)

Question 35

What is the MOA of Empagliflozin (Jardiance)?

Answer 35

Inhibits renal SGLT2 this blocking reabsorption of glucose

Question 36

What are the common side effects of Empagliflozin (Jardiance)?

Answer 36

Vulvovaginal candidiasis UTI Hypotension

Question 37

What are the serious side effects of Empagliflozin (Jardiance)?

Answer 37

AKI Hypovolmia Ketoacidosis

Question 38

What is Empagliflozin (Jardiance) preferred for?

Answer 38

If HF or CKD predominate | Need to minimize weight loss or promote weight loss

Question 39

Name a Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1 RA)

Answer 39

Exenatide (Byetta)

Question 40

What are the common side effects of Exenaride (Byetta)?

Answer 40

``` Dirrhea Nausea Vomiting Dyspepsia Weight loss ```

Question 41

What is Exenatide (Byetta) good for?

Answer 41

Weight loss

Question 42

What are the serious side effects of Exenatide (Byetta)?

Answer 42

Black Box Warning - Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

Question 43

What is Exenatide preferred for?

Answer 43

Arthersclerotic CVD

Question 44

How is Exenatide administered?

Answer 44

SubQ | Inject any time within the 60-min period before morning and evening meals