Oral Bacteria B (EXAM III)

Question 1

Pyogenic infections associated with the teeth & surrounding supporting structures:

Answer 1

Dentoalveolar infections

Question 2

Dentoalveolar infections are _____ infections associated with the teeth and surrounding supporting structures:

Answer 2

Pyogenic

Question 3

Endodontic infections are _____ infections that are ______

Answer 3

Endogenous; opportunistic

Question 4

Growth in the laboratory on artificial growth media:

Answer 4

Cultivation

Question 5

Bacteria cultivated most frequently in root canal infections include:

Answer 5

1. Bacteroides
2. Prevotella

Question 6

List the possible causes of dentoalveolar abscesses:

Answer 6

1. Spread from carious lesion
2. Spread through periodontal membrane & accessory root canals
3. Anachoresis
4. Tooth fracture & wear

Question 7

Traveling of bacteria during bacteremia from tooth extraction at different site via pulpal blood supply:

Answer 7

Anachoresis

Question 8

Anachoresis traveling occurs via:

Answer 8

Pulpal blood supply

Question 9

The pathways by which microorganisms may invade the pulp & periapical tissues include:

Answer 9

1. Fron apical foramen
2. Via PDL
3. Via bloodstream (anachoresis)

Question 10

List the facultative anaerobes commonly isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses:

Answer 10

1. Streptococcus
2. Actinomyces

Question 11

List the obligate anaerobes commonly isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses:

Answer 11

1. Peptostreptococcus
2. Porphyromonas gingivalis
3. Prevotella
4. Fusobacteriu nucleatum

Question 12

A spreading B/L infection of the sublingual & submandibular spaces, involving cellulitis of the fascial spaces rather than true abscess formation:

Answer 12

Ludwig’s Angina

Question 13

Ludwig’s Angina involves ____ rather than ____

Answer 13

Cellulitis; abscess formation

Question 14

Bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin:

Answer 14

Cellulitis

Question 15

Ludwig’s angina is considered a _____ infection:

Answer 15

Mixed endogenous

Question 16

List the bacterial species found in Ludwig’s angina:

Answer 16

1. Polyphyromonas
2. Prevotella
3. Fusobateria
4. Anaerobic streptococci

Question 17

What is the main concern with the progression of Ludwig’s angina?

Answer 17

Airway obstruction (death by asphyxiation)

Question 18

Localized collection of pus caused by acute or chronic destruction of periodontium:

Answer 18

Periodontal abscess

Question 19

A periodontal abscess is a _____ infection characterized by _____

Answer 19

Endogenous; subgingival plaque bacteria

Question 20

Many bacteria are associated with a periodontal abscess making this a _____ disease

Answer 20

Polymicrobial

Question 21

List the bacterial species that are commonly found in periodontal abscesses:

Answer 21

1. Porphyromonas
2. Prevotella
3. Fusobacteria
4. Anaerobic streptococci

Question 22

Involving the same organisms as a periodontal abscess but involves bone:

Answer 22

Suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaws

Question 23

List the bacterial species that are commonly found in Suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaw:

Answer 23

1. Porphyromonas
2. Prevotella
3. Fusobacteria
4. Anaerobic streptococci

Question 24

An endogenous granulomatous disease, characterized by painful abscesses in the mouth often caused by recent dental work dislodging bacteria giving them access to adjacent tissue:

Answer 24

Cervicofacial actinomycosis

Question 25

65% of cervicofacial actinomycosis occurs in the _____ region

Answer 25

Cervicofacial

Question 26

What bacteria is responsible for cervicofacial actinomycosis?

Answer 26

Actinomyces (oral commensal)

Question 27

What is a characteristic sign of cervicofacial acvtinomycosis?

Answer 27

Visible granules in pus "sulphur granules"

Question 28

The "sulphur granule" characteristic of cervicofacial actinomycosis are composed of:

Answer 28

Collections of actinomyces (not actually sulfur)

Question 29

List the oral manifestations of syphilis:

Answer 29

1. Hutchison's incisors 2. Mulberry molars 3. Primary & secondary syphilis lesion 4. Gummas (granulomatous lesions)

Question 30

List the oral manifestations of tuberculosis:

Answer 30

Oral lesions in up to 5% of primary & secondary tuberculosis cases- ulcers on palate & gingiva

Question 31

For the disease leprosy, there are many:

Answer 31

Oral manifestions

Question 32

List three disease in which we see bacterial oral manifestations:

Answer 32

1. Syphilis 2. Tuberculosis 3. Leprosy

Question 33

Bacterial infections of salivary glands often involve the bacteria:

Answer 33

Staphylococcus

Question 34

Diseases or situations associated with oral bacteria & their components:

Answer 34

1. infective endocarditis 2. Disseminated intravascular coagulation 3. Nephritis 4. Rheumatoid arthritis 5. Bechet's syndrome 6. Atherosclerosis 7. Low-birth-weight infants

Question 35

Chronic inflammatory disorder with oral ulcers, associated with oral bacteria & their components:

Answer 35

Bechet's syndrome

Question 36

What type of interactions are characteristic of infective endocarditis?

Answer 36

Platelet-streptococcal interactions

Question 37

Infective endocarditis: Circulating platelets adhere to _____ exposed on damaged heart valves:

Answer 37

collagen

Question 38

Infective endocarditis: During polymicrobial bacteremia, oral streptococci bind to the activated adherent platelets through:

Answer 38

Expressed adhesins & PAAP

Question 39

_____ activates & induces additional platelets on aggregate on the heart valve

Answer 39

PAAP

Question 40

PAAP=

Answer 40

Platelet aggregation-associated protein

Question 41

PAAP is platelet aggregation-associated protein that is:

Answer 41

Streptococcal surface protein (adhesin)

Question 42

Infective endocarditis: Aggregation involves the cross-linking of platelets to one another by:

Answer 42

Fibrinogen molecules

Question 43

Infective endocarditis: The fibrinogen molecules that induces the cross-linking of platelets are polymerized by _____ into ____, forming an insoluble thrombus or platelet clot

Answer 43

Fibrin; thrombin

Question 44

Infective endocarditis: Released platelet granules contain _____ including platelet microbicidal protein, which may limit the valvular infection by sensitive bacteria

Answer 44

innate antimicrobials

Question 45

Infective endocarditis: _____ accumulate on the exterior of the septic thrombus as an inflammatory response is initiated

Answer 45

Leukocytes

Question 46

Other possible associations between oral microbes & systemic disease includes (2):

Answer 46

1. Heat-shock proteins 2. Autorecognition induced by oral microorganisms

Question 47

Because microbial HSPs are very similar to human HSPs that are normally shielded within cells, antibodies elicited by bacterial HSPs can _____ with exposed _____ (in damaged tissues)

Answer 47

Cross-react; human HSPs (in damaged tissues)

Question 48

If microbial HSPs cross-react with humans HSPs in damaged tissues this can result in:

Answer 48

Immune complexes being deposited into arterial walls, joints, & mucous membranes

Question 49

What aspect of HSPs can contribute to systemic disease?

Answer 49

HSP mimicry

Question 50

For autorecognition induced by oral microorganisms, streptococcus sanguinis express a _____ within _____ , which similar to arthritogenic ____ of ____

Answer 50

epitope within PAAP; epitope of type II collagen

Question 51

In the gingival sulcus, bacteria & their PAMPs such LPS affect underlying tissues, causing:

Answer 51

Local inflammation

Question 52

One mechanism in which there is a link between dental disease & systemic inflammation is due to high levels of ______ (TNF-alpha & IL-1beta) may enter circulation and induce the liver to produce ____ such as CRP

Answer 52

Inflammatory mediators; acute-phase reactants

Question 53

One mechanism in which there is a link between dental disease & systemic inflammation may be due to the inflammatory mediators TNF-alpha & IL-1beta, acting on _____ in existing atherosclerotic plaques causing exacerbation of the existing disease

Answer 53

monocytes

Question 54

Innate host oral defenses include:

Answer 54

1. Mucosal barrier 2. Defensins 3. Adherent mucin layer 4. Commensal oral microbiota

Question 55

Innate host defense of oral surfaces that contain toll-like receptors that recognize PAMPS:

Answer 55

The mucosal barrier

Question 56

Innate hose defense of oral surfaces that are small peptide that form pores in bacterial membrane, disrupting cells: -give an example

Answer 56

Defensins; Human beta-defensing 1 (HBD-1)

Question 57

The main defense produced by epithelial cells:

Answer 57

HBD-1

Question 58

Why are bacterial membranes so susceptible to defensins?

Answer 58

Due to their high phospholipid content

Question 59

Innate host defense of oral surfaces that in which mucins are attached to oral surfaces to form a selectively permeable layer (a mucous coat analogous to a bacterial capsule):

Answer 59

Adherent mucin layer

Question 60

The adherent mucin layer of the innate host defense is analogous to:

Answer 60

a bacterial capsule

Question 61

Mucins are ____ and their ____ portion forms a sticky slippery gel

Answer 61

Glycoprotein; carbohydrate

Question 62

What are the mucins in the oral cavity?

Answer 62

MG1; MG2

Question 63

Innate host defense of oral surfaces including on tooth surface in which endogenous bacteria keep out new bacteria, and stimulate the immune system:

Answer 63

Commensal oral microbiota

Question 64

What innate host defense of oral surfaces can be disease causing when balance shifts?

Answer 64

Commensal oral mirobiota

Question 65

The fluid phase of the innate host defense is:

Answer 65

Saliva

Question 66

How much saliva is secreted per day into the mouth?

Answer 66

0.5-1.5 liters

Question 67

The fluid phase of the innate host defense contains _____ that aggregate & clear oral microbes via lectin-like interactions What are two specific examples?

Answer 67

Mucins; MG1 & MG2

Question 68

Mucins in the saliva work via:

Answer 68

Lectin-like interactions

Question 69

An innate host defense found in the saliva that degrades peptidoglycan by cutting bond between NAG & NAM:

Answer 69

Lysozyme (AKA muramidase)