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3rd Shifting PHA6133 LEC > Oral Care Products > Flashcards

Oral Care Products Flashcards

1
Q

oral care market

retail sales grew by ____% in current terms for 2023 to PHP41.6B

A

14%

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2
Q

oral care market

___________________ is the best performing category, with retail value sales rising by 21% to PHP279M

A

mouth fresheners

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3
Q

oral care market

_____________________ is the leading player, with retail value share of 44%

A

Colgate-Palmolive Phils.

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4
Q

oral care market

retail sales are set to increase at a current value CAGR of ____% to reach PHP72.1B

A

12%

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5
Q

Strong link between good oral health and ______________ was a key factor in the growing demand for oral care

A

overall health

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6
Q

T/F: In this generation, there is a a decreasing interest and focus on the use of natural ingredients, including probiotics, baking soda, charcoal, and green tea

A

False. There is a growing interest and focus on their use

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7
Q

Most complex and most accessible microbial ecosystem of the human body

A

human oral cavity

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8
Q

this part of the human tooth is the visible part that extends above the gum (gingiva)

A

crown

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9
Q

this part of the human tooth sits in the upper or lower jawbone, remains invisible until recession of the gum exposes some root surfaces

A

root

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10
Q

this part of the human tooth is the boundary between root and crown

A

neck

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11
Q

this part of the human tooth is the mucosa that covers the upper and lower jaws, and surrounds the neck of the teeth

A

gingiva

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12
Q

this part of the human tooth is a soft connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels from the root canal.

A

dental cavity (pulp cavity)

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13
Q

Identify the part of the tooth:

Hardest substance in the human body

A

enamel

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14
Q

Identify the part of the tooth:

Prevents the tooth from wearing away under pressure of chewing

A

enamel

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15
Q

Identify the part of the tooth:

Yellowish bone-like layer surrounding the dental cavity

A

dentin

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16
Q

Identify the part of the tooth:

Special connective tissue that covers the dentin at the root

A

cementum

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17
Q

Identify the part of the tooth:

Contains calcium hydroxyapatite which starts to dissolve below pH 5.5.

A

enamel

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18
Q

Identify the part of the tooth:

Forms the largest portion of the tooth

A

dentin

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19
Q

Identify the part of the tooth:

Binds the roots of the teeth firmly to the gums and jawbone, and anchored in the jaw by the periodontal ligament

A

cementum

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20
Q

About the enamel:

______________ and _____________ impacts enamel hardness and strength

A

Demineralization and remineralization

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21
Q

Identify the part of the tooth:

More porous, softer, more sensitive, and more susceptible to decay and wear if exposed

A

dentin

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22
Q

Sticky, colorless film of bacteria and sugars that form on the teeth

A

plaque

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23
Q

Disease resulting in the breakdown and destruction of the enamel due to demineralization

A

dental caries

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24
Q

Hardened plaque that causes yellowish brown discoloration to the teeth

A

dental calculus

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25
Q

Infection of the gums that can progress to affect bone that surround and support the teeth

A

gum disease (periodontal disease)

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26
Q

Brief episodes of sharp well-localized pain when subjected to various stimuli

A

tooth sensitivity

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27
Q

Spots or small areas on the teeth contrasting with the rest of teeth color

A

dental stains (teeth discoloration)

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28
Q

Oral malodor due to foods, alcohol, tobacco, or disease

A

bad breath (halitosis)

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29
Q

Paste or gel designed to help remove plaque and stains from the teeth, and keep breath fresh

A

toothpaste (oral dentrifice)

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30
Q

Liquid designed to refresh the breath and enhance oral hygiene

A

mouthwash (oral or mouth rinse)

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31
Q

Make teeth brighter in dental office settings or salons. Contains ingredients that remove teeth discoloration

A

tooth whitening products (bleaching products)

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32
Q

Mild abrasive powder used with a toothbrush

A

tooth powder

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33
Q

Thin filament used to remove debris and bacterial film caught between the teeth and between teeth and gums

A

dental floss

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34
Q

T/F: toothpaste improves the chemical cleaning power of a toothbrush

A

False. Improves mechanical brushing and cleaning power of a toothbrush

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35
Q

T/F: Mouthwashes are used after brushing for more effective cleaning effect

A

True

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36
Q

It is the Change in the appearance of the enamel which may vary from barely noticeable white spots to staining and pitting

A

Dental fluorosis

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37
Q

T/F: Dental fluorosis may be caused by too much fluoride consumption in children, but the spots and stains left on the teeth are not permanent and may lighten over time

A

False. Spots and stains left on the teeth are permanent and may darken over time

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38
Q

Toothpaste:

  • ________ cosmetic detergent for cleaning the teeth
  • Intended to ________ the breath and remove deposits from the teeth
  • Protection of teeth from cavities, calculus formation, and ________________
A

mild

freshen

gum diseases

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39
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Insoluble inorganic ingredients that clean and polish teeth to remove debris and residual surface stains

A

abrasives

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40
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Aid in cleaning and foaming

A

surfactants

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41
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Used to maintain the integral stability of the paste, prevent sedimentation of abrasives, and provide toothpaste formulations with specific rheological property

A

thickeners (binders)

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42
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Used to neutralize thickeners

A

pH regulators

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43
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Prevent paste from drying out, locking of the cap to the nozzle, and hardening to an unacceptable level, and provide shine and some plasticity to the paste

A

humectants

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44
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Vehicle for all toothpaste formulations, which is used to disperse thickeners, dissolve components, mix liquids, and act as carrier for other ingredients

A

water

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45
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Prevent microbiological growth in water-based formulations

A

preservatives

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46
Q

T/F: In using abrasives, hardness, toughness, chemical inertness, and particle size and shape should be considered

A

True

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47
Q

T/F: Calcium-based abrasives should be avoided in toothpastes containing sodium fluoride since formation of an insoluble calcium salt decrease active fluoride concentration

A

True

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48
Q

T/F: Surfactants consist of anionic surfactants with powerful cleaning efficacy and compatible with other ingredients

A

True

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49
Q

T/F: Thickeners are hydrophilic colloids that disperse and shrink in the water phase of the toothpaste

A

False. Hydrophilic colloids that disperse and SWELL in the water phase of the toothpaste

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50
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Important for product acceptability, but are used in low concentrations and for masking taste of raw materials

A

sweetening agents

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51
Q

T/F: Sweetening agents are used in low concentrations because they are potential contributors to dental caries, and may undergo fermentation by microflora

A

False. Although sweetness may be hundreds to thousand times sweeter than table sugar, they do not contribute to dental caries because they are not fermented by the microflora of the dental plaque.

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52
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

One of the most expensive components and most crucial in view of customer preferences

A

flavoring agents

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53
Q

T/F: Mint flavors dominate adult toothpastes, while bubble gum and fruit aromas in children products

A

True

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54
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Maybe added to the paste as a whole or to only a small part to make colored striped products

A

coloring agents

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55
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Added for antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory effects, cleansing, whitening, and masking of bad breath

A

natural ingredients

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56
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

To prevent cavities, strengthen the tooth enamel and remineralize tooth decay

A

anticaries components

57
Q

T/F: anticaries components may include fluoride or non-fluoride components

A

True

58
Q

T/F: Fluoride initiates and speeds up remineralization and slows down demineralization

A

True

59
Q

T/F: Allowable total fluoride 25-300 ppm for 2 yrs. and above 9250
ppm for 6 yrs. and above

A

False. Allowable total fluoride 850-1150 ppm for 2 yrs. and above 1500 ppm for 6 yrs. and above

60
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Antiseptics or antimicrobials that kill or inhibit bacteria causing plaque and gingivitis

A

antiplaque and antigingivitis components

61
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Used to protect exposed tooth surfaces and the gingival margin

A

antihypersensitivity agents

62
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Also known as crystal growth inhibitors, which prevent calculus formation on the surface of the teeth through controlling mineralization

A

anticalculus/tartar control ingredients

63
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Non-bleaching whitening products contain agents that work by physical or chemical action to help remove surface stains only.

A

whitening ingredients

64
Q

T/F: Abrasives may provide whitening action as they remove stains from the teeth.

A

True

65
Q

T/F: negatively-charged ingredients like SHMP may bind to positively-charged stain molecules

A

False. Positively-charged ingredients like SHMP may bind to negatively-charged stain molecules

66
Q

T/F: Bleaching agents change the natural tooth color. They contain peroxides like hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide that help remove deep (intrinsic) and surface (extrinsic) stains

A

True

67
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

hydrated silica, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate

A

abrasives

68
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth phosphate

A

surfactants

69
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, xanthan gum

A

thickeners (binders)

70
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

sodium hydroxide

A

pH regulators

71
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol

A

humectants

72
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, parabens

A

preservatives

73
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredient:

acesulfame, aspartame, sodium saccharin

A

sweetening agents

74
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

peppermint and spearmint oil, thymol, clove oil

A

flavoring agents

75
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

titanium dioxide and mica

A

inorganic pigments; coloring agents

76
Q

Classify the ingredients:

echinacea, myrrh, chamomile

A

natural ingredients

77
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, and stannous fluoride

A

Fluoride components; anticaries components

78
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

zinc, tin, aluminum

A

metals; anticaries components

79
Q

This is an antiplaque and antigingivitis component that acts by antibacterial effect and inhibitory effect on bacterial enzymes

A

stannous fluoride

80
Q

This is an antiplaque and antigingivitis component that is an antibacterial agent widely used in toothpastes, deodorants, and soaps

A

triclosan

81
Q

What component of antihypersensitivity agents that desensitize nerve endings?

A

Potassium components like potassium nitrate (at 5%), potassium chloride, and potassium citrate

82
Q

What antihypersensitivity agents reduce the permeability of dentin and prevent the nerve endings from being stimulated

A

Strontium chloride, stannous fluoride (at 0.454%), and calcium sodium phosphosilicate

83
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHM)

A

anticalculus/tartar control ingredients

84
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, monoglycerides

A

surfactants

85
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

carrageenan, carbomer, clays

A

thickeners (binders)

86
Q

Odd-man-out:

menthol, sorbitol, cinnamon oil, eucalyptol oil

A

sorbitol: humectant or sweetening agent

The rest: flavoring agents

87
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

Blue 1 and Red 33

A

organic pigments; coloring agents

88
Q

Odd-man-out:

manganese, molybdenum, calcium, iron

A

calcium: non-fluoride caries ingredients, along with phosphates

others: metals

89
Q

What natural ingredient is a by-product of bees?

A

propolis

90
Q

What ingredient is both a natural ingredient and an abrasive?

A

hydrated silica

91
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

zinc citrate, zinc chloride, zinc lactate

A

anticalculus/tartar control ingredients

92
Q

T/F: Hydrated silica both acts as an abrasive and natural ingredients

A

True

93
Q

Classify the toothpaste ingredients:

copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (PVM/MA)

A

anticalculus/tartar control ingredients

94
Q

Identify the toothpaste ingredient:

Flavors freshen breath by masking the bad odor.

A

antimalodor ingredients

95
Q

T/F: The action of antimalodor ingredients is temporary because saliva can quickly wash away flavoring ingredients

A

True

96
Q

T/F: Antibacterial agents may be used to kill bacteria-causing bad breath.

A

True

97
Q

Given that the other function of triclosan, zinc, and stannous fluoride is being an malodorant, what are their other functions?

A

triclosan: antiplaque and antigingivitis components

zinc: a metal, anticaries component

stannous fluoride: antiplaque and antigingivitis components, and a fluoride anticaries component

98
Q

Rheology of toothpastes

Behave as solid at rest, and start to move as viscous fluid when a minimum force (yield stress) is applied on them

A

Bingham plastic

99
Q

Rheology of toothpastes

Stays viscous until force is applied; viscosity reverts to original high value when shear force is removed

A

Pseudoplastic (shear thinning)

100
Q

T/F: In a Bingham plastic rheology, the toothpaste Does not flow out of an open container if no pressure is used and can “stand up” on the brush without running into bristles of the brush or rolling off the sides

A

True

101
Q

Clear, colored solution used to refresh the breath by swishing the product around the mouth, followed by spitting it out

A

mouthwash

102
Q

T/F: Mouthwashes may help prevent tooth decay, gingivitis, plaque formation, or tartar formation

A

True

103
Q

Identify the mouthwash ingredient:

Acts as vehicle for the other ingredients

A

solvents

104
Q

This mouthwash ingredient, acting as a solvent, has antibacterial activity, acts as astringent, and contributes to fresh feeling.

A

Alcohol

105
Q

Alcohol may also help stabilize the product by solubilizing ____________

A

flavoring oils

106
Q

Identify the mouthwash ingredient:

Increases product viscosity and produces good mouthfeel

A

humectants

107
Q

humectants inhibit “_______________” around the closure

A

crystallization

108
Q

Identify the mouthwash ingredient:

Can provide foaming action on use, and contribute to cleansing effect. Used to solubilize flavoring oils and stabilize the product

A

surfactants

109
Q

Identify the mouthwash ingredient:

Serve as temporary deodorizers that mask bad breath

A

astringent

110
Q

Identify the mouthwash ingredient:

Protect water/humectant system from microbial growth

A

preservatives

111
Q

Identify the mouthwash ingredient:

Refreshing effect and pleasant note over the breath aroma

A

flavoring agents

112
Q

T/F: Sweeteners, colorants, and natural ingredients are incorporated in mouthwash formulations.

A

True

113
Q

Classify the mouthwash ingredient:

glycerin, and sorbitol

A

humectants

114
Q

Classify the mouthwash ingredient:

poloxamers, polysorbates, and anionic components

A

surfactants

115
Q

Classify the mouthwash ingredient:

zinc chloride, ethanol, and witch hazel

A

astringent

116
Q

Classify the mouthwash ingredient:

ethanol, benzoates, and parabens

A

preservatives

117
Q

Odd-man-out:

mint, menthol, peppermint oil, strontium chloride

A

strontium chloride: antihypersensitivity agents

the rest: flavoring agents

118
Q

Odd-man-out:

eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, pyrophosphates, bubble gum

A

pyrophosphates: antitartar agents

the rest: flavoring agents

119
Q

Classify the mouthwash ingredient:

sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate

A

anticaries agents

120
Q

Classify the mouthwash ingredient:

potassium nitrate, strontium chloride

A

antihypersensitivity agents

121
Q

Classify the mouthwash ingredient:

pyrophosphates, PVM/MA

A

antitartar agents

122
Q

T/F: Antiplaque/antigingivitis agents include essential oils and triclosan

A

True

123
Q

This antiplaque/antigingivitis agent effectively reduces plaque formation and gingivitis.

A

Chlorhexidine

124
Q

T/F: Chlorhexidine may stain the teeth, modify taste, and increase calculus formation

A

True

125
Q

This antiplaque/antigingivitis agent may be inactivated by anionic surfactants, and is not recommended after brushing

A

Cetylpyridinium chloride

126
Q

Identify the mouthwash ingredient:

Include bleaching and non-bleaching agents

A

whitening agents

127
Q

This oral care product involves an oxidative process that alters the light-absorbing or light-reflecting nature of the tooth structure, thereby increasing perception of whiteness

A

tooth whitening aids

128
Q

In tooth whitening aids, free radical produced by __________________ interact with pigment molecules to produce whitening effect

A

hydrogen peroxide

129
Q

T/F: Tooth whitening aids contain hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide, and available as gels, solutions, or strips

A

True

130
Q

This oral care product is a thin filament used to clean areas in the oral cavity, which are more difficult to reach with a toothbrush

A

Dental floss

131
Q

T/F: Dentists recommend flossing after brushing to allow the fluoride to reach between the teeth

A

False. Dentists recommend flossing PRIOR to brushing to allow the fluoride to reach between the teeth

132
Q

This oral care product is made from waxed/non-waxed nylon, Teflon filaments, or plastic monofilaments. May include flavoring agents, waxes, and active ingredients

A

Dental floss

133
Q

This oral care product is described to be a strip of waxed/non-waxed nylon or polyethylene fiber. Has a very thin, almost rectangular cross section that helps clean wider spaces between the teeth compared to the floss

A

Dental tape

134
Q

What are the performance parameters of oral care products?

A

Antibacterial activity, Whitening Activity, and Hypersensitivity Reduction

135
Q

In an antibacterial activity in vitro test, it is performed using oral pathogens like _____________, ____________, _____________, ____________, and ____________, using the agar well diffiusion method.

A

Streptococcus mutans, Peptostreptococcus micros, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus oralis

136
Q

Antibacterial activity

__________ test involves human volunteers who use toothpaste or mouthwash formulations for a predetermined period of time. _________ samples before, during, and after the study are inoculated on plates, aerobically or anaerobically, and __________________ are counted and compared.

A

In vivo; saliva; microbial colonies

137
Q

Whitening activity

In vitro test is performed on teeth removed from animals. Sample teeth may be stained and treated with whitening product. Color is evaluated using a ______________, _______________, or by ____________

A

spectrophotometer, colorimeter, or by image analysis

138
Q

T/F: In evaluating the whitening activity of an oral care product, in vivo test may also be done on human volunteers

A

True

139
Q

Identify the performance parameter:

Product evaluation is conducted by dental professionals in a clinical study that would determine the efficacy of a desensitizing product compared to placebo, negative, or positive control.

A

Hypersensitivity reduction

3rd Shifting PHA6133 LEC (4 decks)

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