Oral Care Products Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
oral care market
retail sales grew by ____% in current terms for 2023 to PHP41.6B
A
14%
2
Q
oral care market
___________________ is the best performing category, with retail value sales rising by 21% to PHP279M
A
mouth fresheners
3
Q
oral care market
_____________________ is the leading player, with retail value share of 44%
A
Colgate-Palmolive Phils.
4
Q
oral care market
retail sales are set to increase at a current value CAGR of ____% to reach PHP72.1B
A
12%
5
Q
Strong link between good oral health and ______________ was a key factor in the growing demand for oral care
A
overall health
6
Q
T/F: In this generation, there is a a decreasing interest and focus on the use of natural ingredients, including probiotics, baking soda, charcoal, and green tea
A
False. There is a growing interest and focus on their use
7
Q
Most complex and most accessible microbial ecosystem of the human body
A
human oral cavity
8
Q
this part of the human tooth is the visible part that extends above the gum (gingiva)
A
crown
9
Q
this part of the human tooth sits in the upper or lower jawbone, remains invisible until recession of the gum exposes some root surfaces
A
root
10
Q
this part of the human tooth is the boundary between root and crown
A
neck
11
Q
this part of the human tooth is the mucosa that covers the upper and lower jaws, and surrounds the neck of the teeth
A
gingiva
12
Q
this part of the human tooth is a soft connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels from the root canal.
A
dental cavity (pulp cavity)
13
Q
Identify the part of the tooth:
Hardest substance in the human body
A
enamel
14
Q
Identify the part of the tooth:
Prevents the tooth from wearing away under pressure of chewing
A
enamel
15
Q
Identify the part of the tooth:
Yellowish bone-like layer surrounding the dental cavity
A
dentin
16
Q
Identify the part of the tooth:
Special connective tissue that covers the dentin at the root
A
cementum
17
Q
Identify the part of the tooth:
Contains calcium hydroxyapatite which starts to dissolve below pH 5.5.
A
enamel
18
Q
Identify the part of the tooth:
Forms the largest portion of the tooth
A
dentin
19
Q
Identify the part of the tooth:
Binds the roots of the teeth firmly to the gums and jawbone, and anchored in the jaw by the periodontal ligament
A
cementum
20
Q
About the enamel:
______________ and _____________ impacts enamel hardness and strength
A
Demineralization and remineralization
21
Q
Identify the part of the tooth:
More porous, softer, more sensitive, and more susceptible to decay and wear if exposed
A
dentin
22
Q
Sticky, colorless film of bacteria and sugars that form on the teeth
A
plaque
23
Q
Disease resulting in the breakdown and destruction of the enamel due to demineralization
A
dental caries
24
Q
Hardened plaque that causes yellowish brown discoloration to the teeth
A
dental calculus
25
Infection of the gums that can progress to affect bone that surround and support the teeth
gum disease (periodontal disease)
26
Brief episodes of sharp well-localized pain when subjected to various stimuli
tooth sensitivity
27
Spots or small areas on the teeth contrasting with the rest of teeth color
dental stains (teeth discoloration)
28
Oral malodor due to foods, alcohol, tobacco, or disease
bad breath (halitosis)
29
Paste or gel designed to help remove plaque and stains from the teeth, and keep breath fresh
toothpaste (oral dentrifice)
30
Liquid designed to refresh the breath and enhance oral hygiene
mouthwash (oral or mouth rinse)
31
Make teeth brighter in dental office settings or salons. Contains ingredients that remove teeth discoloration
tooth whitening products (bleaching products)
32
Mild abrasive powder used with a toothbrush
tooth powder
33
Thin filament used to remove debris and bacterial film caught between the teeth and between teeth and gums
dental floss
34
T/F: toothpaste improves the chemical cleaning power of a toothbrush
False. Improves mechanical brushing and cleaning power of a toothbrush
35
T/F: Mouthwashes are used after brushing for more effective cleaning effect
True
36
It is the Change in the appearance of the enamel which may vary from barely noticeable white spots to staining and pitting
Dental fluorosis
37
T/F: Dental fluorosis may be caused by too much fluoride consumption in children, but the spots and stains left on the teeth are not permanent and may lighten over time
False. Spots and stains left on the teeth are permanent and may darken over time
38
Toothpaste:
- ________ cosmetic detergent for cleaning the teeth
- Intended to ________ the breath and remove deposits from the teeth
- Protection of teeth from cavities, calculus formation, and ________________
mild
freshen
gum diseases
39
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Insoluble inorganic ingredients that clean and polish teeth to remove debris and residual surface stains
abrasives
40
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Aid in cleaning and foaming
surfactants
41
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Used to maintain the integral stability of the paste, prevent sedimentation of abrasives, and provide toothpaste formulations with specific rheological property
thickeners (binders)
42
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Used to neutralize thickeners
pH regulators
43
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Prevent paste from drying out, locking of the cap to the nozzle, and hardening to an unacceptable level, and provide shine and some plasticity to the paste
humectants
44
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Vehicle for all toothpaste formulations, which is used to disperse thickeners, dissolve components, mix liquids, and act as carrier for other ingredients
water
45
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Prevent microbiological growth in water-based formulations
preservatives
46
T/F: In using abrasives, hardness, toughness, chemical inertness, and particle size and shape should be considered
True
47
T/F: Calcium-based abrasives should be avoided in toothpastes containing sodium fluoride since formation of an insoluble calcium salt decrease active fluoride concentration
True
48
T/F: Surfactants consist of anionic surfactants with powerful cleaning efficacy and compatible with other ingredients
True
49
T/F: Thickeners are hydrophilic colloids that disperse and shrink in the water phase of the toothpaste
False. Hydrophilic colloids that disperse and SWELL in the water phase of the toothpaste
50
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Important for product acceptability, but are used in low concentrations and for masking taste of raw materials
sweetening agents
51
T/F: Sweetening agents are used in low concentrations because they are potential contributors to dental caries, and may undergo fermentation by microflora
False. Although sweetness may be hundreds to thousand times sweeter than table sugar, they do not contribute to dental caries because they are not fermented by the microflora of the dental plaque.
52
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
One of the most expensive components and most crucial in view of customer preferences
flavoring agents
53
T/F: Mint flavors dominate adult toothpastes, while bubble gum and fruit aromas in children products
True
54
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Maybe added to the paste as a whole or to only a small part to make colored striped products
coloring agents
55
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Added for antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory effects, cleansing, whitening, and masking of bad breath
natural ingredients
56
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
To prevent cavities, strengthen the tooth enamel and remineralize tooth decay
anticaries components
57
T/F: anticaries components may include fluoride or non-fluoride components
True
58
T/F: Fluoride initiates and speeds up remineralization and slows down demineralization
True
59
T/F: Allowable total fluoride 25-300 ppm for 2 yrs. and above 9250
ppm for 6 yrs. and above
False. Allowable total fluoride 850-1150 ppm for 2 yrs. and above 1500 ppm for 6 yrs. and above
60
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Antiseptics or antimicrobials that kill or inhibit bacteria causing plaque and gingivitis
antiplaque and antigingivitis components
61
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Used to protect exposed tooth surfaces and the gingival margin
antihypersensitivity agents
62
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Also known as crystal growth inhibitors, which prevent calculus formation on the surface of the teeth through controlling mineralization
anticalculus/tartar control ingredients
63
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Non-bleaching whitening products contain agents that work by physical or chemical action to help remove surface stains only.
whitening ingredients
64
T/F: Abrasives may provide whitening action as they remove stains from the teeth.
True
65
T/F: negatively-charged ingredients like SHMP may bind to positively-charged stain molecules
False. Positively-charged ingredients like SHMP may bind to negatively-charged stain molecules
66
T/F: Bleaching agents change the natural tooth color. They contain peroxides like hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide that help remove deep (intrinsic) and surface (extrinsic) stains
True
67
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
hydrated silica, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate
abrasives
68
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth phosphate
surfactants
69
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, xanthan gum
thickeners (binders)
70
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
sodium hydroxide
pH regulators
71
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol
humectants
72
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, parabens
preservatives
73
Classify the toothpaste ingredient:
acesulfame, aspartame, sodium saccharin
sweetening agents
74
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
peppermint and spearmint oil, thymol, clove oil
flavoring agents
75
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
titanium dioxide and mica
inorganic pigments; coloring agents
76
Classify the ingredients:
echinacea, myrrh, chamomile
natural ingredients
77
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, and stannous fluoride
Fluoride components; anticaries components
78
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
zinc, tin, aluminum
metals; anticaries components
79
This is an antiplaque and antigingivitis component that acts by antibacterial effect and inhibitory effect on bacterial enzymes
stannous fluoride
80
This is an antiplaque and antigingivitis component that is an antibacterial agent widely used in toothpastes, deodorants, and soaps
triclosan
81
What component of antihypersensitivity agents that desensitize nerve endings?
Potassium components like potassium nitrate (at 5%), potassium chloride, and potassium citrate
82
What antihypersensitivity agents reduce the permeability of dentin and prevent the nerve endings from being stimulated
Strontium chloride, stannous fluoride (at 0.454%), and calcium sodium phosphosilicate
83
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHM)
anticalculus/tartar control ingredients
84
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, monoglycerides
surfactants
85
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
carrageenan, carbomer, clays
thickeners (binders)
86
Odd-man-out:
menthol, sorbitol, cinnamon oil, eucalyptol oil
sorbitol: humectant or sweetening agent
The rest: flavoring agents
87
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
Blue 1 and Red 33
organic pigments; coloring agents
88
Odd-man-out:
manganese, molybdenum, calcium, iron
calcium: non-fluoride caries ingredients, along with phosphates
others: metals
89
What natural ingredient is a by-product of bees?
propolis
90
What ingredient is both a natural ingredient and an abrasive?
hydrated silica
91
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
zinc citrate, zinc chloride, zinc lactate
anticalculus/tartar control ingredients
92
T/F: Hydrated silica both acts as an abrasive and natural ingredients
True
93
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (PVM/MA)
anticalculus/tartar control ingredients
94
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Flavors freshen breath by masking the bad odor.
antimalodor ingredients
95
T/F: The action of antimalodor ingredients is temporary because saliva can quickly wash away flavoring ingredients
True
96
T/F: Antibacterial agents may be used to kill bacteria-causing bad breath.
True
97
Given that the other function of triclosan, zinc, and stannous fluoride is being an malodorant, what are their other functions?
triclosan: antiplaque and antigingivitis components
zinc: a metal, anticaries component
stannous fluoride: antiplaque and antigingivitis components, and a fluoride anticaries component
98
Rheology of toothpastes
Behave as solid at rest, and start to move as viscous fluid when a minimum force (yield stress) is applied on them
Bingham plastic
99
Rheology of toothpastes
Stays viscous until force is applied; viscosity reverts to original high value when shear force is removed
Pseudoplastic (shear thinning)
100
T/F: In a Bingham plastic rheology, the toothpaste Does not flow out of an open container if no pressure is used and can “stand up” on the brush without running into bristles of the brush or rolling off the sides
True
101
Clear, colored solution used to refresh the breath by swishing the product around the mouth, followed by spitting it out
mouthwash
102
T/F: Mouthwashes may help prevent tooth decay, gingivitis, plaque formation, or tartar formation
True
103
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Acts as vehicle for the other ingredients
solvents
104
This mouthwash ingredient, acting as a solvent, has antibacterial activity, acts as astringent, and contributes to fresh feeling.
Alcohol
105
Alcohol may also help stabilize the product by solubilizing ____________
flavoring oils
106
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Increases product viscosity and produces good mouthfeel
humectants
107
humectants inhibit "_______________" around the closure
crystallization
108
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Can provide foaming action on use, and contribute to cleansing effect. Used to solubilize flavoring oils and stabilize the product
surfactants
109
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Serve as temporary deodorizers that mask bad breath
astringent
110
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Protect water/humectant system from microbial growth
preservatives
111
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Refreshing effect and pleasant note over the breath aroma
flavoring agents
112
T/F: Sweeteners, colorants, and natural ingredients are incorporated in mouthwash formulations.
True
113
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
glycerin, and sorbitol
humectants
114
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
poloxamers, polysorbates, and anionic components
surfactants
115
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
zinc chloride, ethanol, and witch hazel
astringent
116
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
ethanol, benzoates, and parabens
preservatives
117
Odd-man-out:
mint, menthol, peppermint oil, strontium chloride
strontium chloride: antihypersensitivity agents
the rest: flavoring agents
118
Odd-man-out:
eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, pyrophosphates, bubble gum
pyrophosphates: antitartar agents
the rest: flavoring agents
119
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate
anticaries agents
120
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
potassium nitrate, strontium chloride
antihypersensitivity agents
121
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
pyrophosphates, PVM/MA
antitartar agents
122
T/F: Antiplaque/antigingivitis agents include essential oils and triclosan
True
123
This antiplaque/antigingivitis agent effectively reduces plaque formation and gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine
124
T/F: Chlorhexidine may stain the teeth, modify taste, and increase calculus formation
True
125
This antiplaque/antigingivitis agent may be inactivated by anionic surfactants, and is not recommended after brushing
Cetylpyridinium chloride
126
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Include bleaching and non-bleaching agents
whitening agents
127
This oral care product involves an oxidative process that alters the light-absorbing or light-reflecting nature of the tooth structure, thereby increasing perception of whiteness
tooth whitening aids
128
In tooth whitening aids, free radical produced by __________________ interact with pigment molecules to produce whitening effect
hydrogen peroxide
129
T/F: Tooth whitening aids contain hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide, and available as gels, solutions, or strips
True
130
This oral care product is a thin filament used to clean areas in the oral cavity, which are more difficult to reach with a toothbrush
Dental floss
131
T/F: Dentists recommend flossing after brushing to allow the fluoride to reach between the teeth
False. Dentists recommend flossing PRIOR to brushing to allow the fluoride to reach between the teeth
132
This oral care product is made from waxed/non-waxed nylon, Teflon filaments, or plastic monofilaments. May include flavoring agents, waxes, and active ingredients
Dental floss
133
This oral care product is described to be a strip of waxed/non-waxed nylon or polyethylene fiber. Has a very thin, almost rectangular cross section that helps clean wider spaces between the teeth compared to the floss
Dental tape
134
What are the performance parameters of oral care products?
Antibacterial activity, Whitening Activity, and Hypersensitivity Reduction
135
In an antibacterial activity in vitro test, it is performed using oral pathogens like _____________, ____________, _____________, ____________, and ____________, using the agar well diffiusion method.
Streptococcus mutans, Peptostreptococcus micros, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus oralis
136
Antibacterial activity
__________ test involves human volunteers who use toothpaste or mouthwash formulations for a predetermined period of time. _________ samples before, during, and after the study are inoculated on plates, aerobically or anaerobically, and __________________ are counted and compared.
In vivo; saliva; microbial colonies
137
Whitening activity
In vitro test is performed on teeth removed from animals. Sample teeth may be stained and treated with whitening product. Color is evaluated using a ______________, _______________, or by ____________
spectrophotometer, colorimeter, or by image analysis
138
T/F: In evaluating the whitening activity of an oral care product, in vivo test may also be done on human volunteers
True
139
Identify the performance parameter:
Product evaluation is conducted by dental professionals in a clinical study that would determine the efficacy of a desensitizing product compared to placebo, negative, or positive control.
Hypersensitivity reduction
