Oral Care products Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
is the best performing category, with retail value sales rising by 21% to Php279M
A
Mouth fresheners
2
Q
is the leading player, with retail value share of 44%
A
Colgate-Palmolive Phils.
3
Q
There is a growing interest and focus on the use of natural ingredients, including
A
- probiotics
- baking soda
- charcoal
- green tea
4
Q
Most complex and most accessible microbial
ecosystem of the human body
A
human oral cavity
5
Q
parts of the human tooth
A
- crown
- root
- neck
- gingiva
- dental cavity (pulp cavity)
- enamel
- dentin
- cementum
6
Q
is the visible part that extends above the gum (gingiva)
A
crown
7
Q
sits in the upper or lower jawbone, remains invisible until recession of the gum exposes some root surfaces
A
root
8
Q
is the boundary between root and crown
A
neck
9
Q
is the mucosa that covers the upper and lower jaws, and surrounds the neck of the teeth
A
gingiva
10
Q
is a soft connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels from the root canal.
A
dental cavity (pulp cavity)
11
Q
- Hardest substance in the human body
- Prevents the tooth from wearing away under pressure of chewing
A
Enamel
12
Q
Enamel contains _______________ which starts to dissolve below pH 5.5.
A
calcium hydroxyapatite
13
Q
impacts enamel hardness and strength
A
Demineralization and remineralization
14
Q
- Yellowish bone-like layer surrounding the dental cavity
A
Dentin
15
Q
- More porous, softer, more sensitive, and more susceptible to decay and wear if exposed
A
dentin
16
Q
Dentin forms the smallest portion of the tooth (t or f)
A
F; largest
17
Q
Cementum binds the roots of the teeth firmly to the gums and jawbone, and anchored in the jaw by the _____________
A
periodontal ligament
18
Q
- Special connective tissue that covers the dentin at the root
A
cementum
19
Q
pH < 5.5
A
Demineralization
20
Q
pH > 5.5
A
Remineralization
21
Q
Sticky, colorless film of bacteria and sugars that form on the teeth
A
plaque
22
Q
Disease resulting in the breakdown and destruction of the enamel due to demineralization
A
dental caries
23
Q
Hardened plaque that causes yellowish brown discoloration to the teeth
A
Dental calculus (tartar)
24
Q
Infection of the gums that can progress to affect bone that surround and support the teeth
A
gum disease (periodontal disease)
25
Brief episodes of sharp well
localized pain when subjected to various stimuli
TOOTH SENSITIVITY
26
Spots or small areas on the teeth contrasting with the rest of teeth color
DENTAL STAINS
(TEETH DISCOLORATION)
27
Oral malodor due to foods, alcohol, tobacco, or disease
BAD BREATH (HALITOSIS)
28
ORAL & DENTAL CARE PRODUCTS
- TOOTHPASTE (Oral Dentifrice)
- MOUTHWASH (Oral or Mouth Rinse)
- TOOTH WHITENING PRODUCTS (Bleaching Products)
- TOOTH POWDER
- DENTAL FLOSS
29
* Paste or gel designed to help remove plaque and stains from the teeth, and keep breath fresh
* Improves mechanical brushing and cleaning power
of a toothbrush
TOOTHPASTE (Oral Dentifrice)
30
* Liquid designed to refresh the breath and enhance oral hygiene
* Use after brushing for more effective cleaning effect
MOUTHWASH (Oral or Mouth Rinse)
31
* Make teeth brighter in dental office settings or salons
* Contains ingredients that remove teeth discoloration
TOOTH WHITENING PRODUCTS (Bleaching Products)
32
* Mild abrasive powder used with a toothbrush
TOOTH POWDER
33
* Thin filament used to remove debris and bacterial film caught between the teeth and between teeth and gums
DENTAL FLOSS
34
* Change in the appearance of the enamel which may vary from barely noticeable white spots to staining and pitting
* May be caused by too much fluoride consumption in children
* Spots and stains left on the teeth are permanent and may darken over time
dental fluorosis
35
* Mild cosmetic detergent for cleaning the teeth
* Intended to freshen the breath and remove deposits from the teeth
* Protection of teeth from cavities, calculus formation, and gum diseases
toothpaste
36
- ____________ ingredients that clean and polish teeth to remove debris and residual surface stains
* Consider hardness, toughness, chemical inertness, and particle size and shape
(ABRASIVES)
Insoluble inorganic
37
TOOTHPASTE FORMULATION
- abrasive
- surfactants
- thickeners (binders)
- pH regulators
- humectant
- water
- preservatives
- sweetening agents
- flavoring agents
- coloring agents
- natural ingredients
- anticaries components
- antiplaque and antigingivitis components
- antihypersensitivity agents
- anticalculus/tartar control
- whitening agents
- antimalodor
38
Calcium-based abrasives should be included in toothpastes containing sodium fluoride (t or f)
F; avoided - formation of an insoluble calcium salt decrease active fluoride concentration
39
hydrated silica, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate,
sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
ABRASIVES
40
* Aid in cleaning and foaming
* Anionic surfactants with powerful cleaning efficacy and
compatible with other ingredients
SURFACTANTS
41
sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth phosphate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,
dioctyl sulfosuccinate, and monoglycerides
SURFACTANTS
42
* ___________ that disperse and swell in the water phase of the toothpaste
* Used to maintain the integral stability of the paste, prevent
sedimentation of abrasives, and provide toothpaste formulations with specific rheological property
Thickeners (binders) ; Hydrophilic colloids
43
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate,
xanthan gum, carrageenan, carbomer, and clays
THICKENERS (Binders)
44
Used to neutralize thickeners
pH REGULATORS
45
sodium hydroxide
pH REGULATORS
46
* Prevent paste from drying out, locking of the cap to the nozzle, and hardening to an unacceptable level
* Provide shine and some plasticity to the paste
HUMECTANTS
47
glycerin, sorbitol, and propylene glycol
HUMECTANTS
48
* Vehicle for all toothpaste formulations
* Used to disperse thickeners, dissolve components, mix liquids, and act as carrier for other ingredients
WATER
49
* Prevent microbiological growth in water-based formulations
PRESERVATIVES
50
parabens, sodium benzoate, phenoxyethanol
PRESERVATIVES
51
* Important for product acceptability
* Used in low concentrations and for masking taste of raw materials
sweeteners
52
sodium saccharin, acesulfame, aspartame, and sorbitol
SWEETENING AGENTS
53
Although sweeteners may be hundreds to thousand times sweeter than table sugar, they do not contribute to dental caries because______________
they are not fermented by the microflora of the dental plaque.
54
* One of the most expensive components and most crucial in view of customer preferences
* Mint flavors dominate adult toothpastes, while bubble gum and fruit aromas in children products
FLAVORING AGENTS
55
peppermint and spearmint oil, thymol, clove oil, menthol, cinnamon oil, eucalyptol oil, fruit aromas like strawberry, apple, grapes, and banana flavor
FLAVORING AGENTS
56
Maybe added to the paste as a whole or to only a small part to
make colored striped products
COLORING AGENTS
57
Added for antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory effects, cleansing, whitening, and masking of bad breath
NATURAL INGREDIENTS
58
titanium dioxide and mica,
organic pigments like Blue 1 and Red 33
COLORING AGENTS
59
hydrated silica, herbs like echinacea, myrrh, chamomile, and by-products of bees like propolis
NATURAL INGREDIENTS
60
To prevent cavities, strengthen the tooth enamel and remineralize tooth decay
ANTICARIES COMPONENTS
61
Fluoride components like sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, and stannous fluoride
ANTICARIES COMPONENTS
62
initiates and speeds up
remineralization and slows down demineralization
Fluoride
63
Allowable total fluoride
- 850-1150 ppm for 2 yrs. and above
- 1500 ppm for 6 yrs. and above
64
calcium, phosphates, and metals like zinc, tin, aluminum, iron, manganese, and
molybdenum
Non-fluoride caries ingredients
65
Antiseptics or antimicrobials that kill or inhibit bacteria causing plaque and gingivitis
ANTIPLAQUE AND ANTIGINGIVITIS COMPONENTS
66
ANTIPLAQUE AND ANTIGINGIVITIS COMPONENTS
- Stannous fluoride
- Triclosan
67
acts by antibacterial effect and inhibitory effect on bacterial enzymes
Stannous fluoride
68
is an antibacterial agent widely used in toothpastes,
deodorants, and soaps
Triclosan
69
* Used to protect exposed tooth surfaces and the gingival margin
ANTIHYPERSENSITIVITY AGENTS
70
desensitize the tooth nerve endings
Potassium components like potassium nitrate (at 5%), potassium chloride, and potassium citrate
71
reduce the permeability of dentin and prevent the nerve endings from being stimulated
Strontium chloride, stannous fluoride (at 0.454%), and calcium sodium phosphosilicate,
72
* Also known as crystal growth inhibitors
* Prevent calculus formation on the surface of the teeth through controlling mineralization
ANTICALCULUS / TARTAR CONTROL INGREDIENTS
73
tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHM), zinc salts like zinc citrate, zinc chloride, and zinc lactate, copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (PVM/MA)
ANTICALCULUS / TARTAR CONTROL INGREDIENTS
74
- contain agents that work by
physical or chemical action to help remove surface stains only.
- Abrasives may provide whitening action as they remove stains from
the teeth.
Non-bleaching whitening products
75
Positively-charged ingredients like _______ may bind to
negatively-charged stain molecules
SHMP
76
change the natural tooth color
Bleaching agents
77
peroxides like hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide that help
remove deep (intrinsic) and surface (extrinsic) stains
Bleaching agents
78
freshen breath by masking the bad odor. Action is temporary, because saliva can quickly wash away flavoring
ingredients
flavors
79
may be used to kill bacteria-causing bad breath. Include triclosan, zinc, and stannous fluoride
Antibacterial agents
80
RHEOLOGY OF TOOTHPASTES
- BINGHAM PLASTIC
- PSEUDOPLASTIC ( Shear Thinning)
81
* Behave as solid at rest, and start to move as viscous fluid when a minimum force (yield
stress) is applied on them
* Does not flow out of an open container if no pressure is used and can “stand up” on the brush without running into bristles of the brush or
rolling off the sides
BINGHAM PLASTIC
82
* Stays viscous until force is applied; viscosity reverts to original high value when shear force is removed; time-independent behavior
PSEUDOPLASTIC ( Shear Thinning)
83
* Clear, colored solution used to refresh the breath by swishing the product around the mouth, followed by spitting it out
* May help prevent tooth decay, gingivitis, plaque formation, or tartar formation
MOUTHWASH
84
Mouthwash: antiplaque/ antigingivitis
- Chlorhexidine
- Cetylpyridinium chloride
85
effectively reduces plaque formation and gingivitis. May stain the teeth, modify taste, and increase calculus formation
Chlorhexidine
86
may be inactivated by anionic surfactants, and is not recommended after brushing
Cetylpyridinium chloride
87
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY In vitro: using oral pathogens like Streptococcus mutans, Peptostreptococcus micros, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus salivarius, and
Streptococcus oralis using ________
agar well diffusion method
88
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY In vivo: ________ samples before,
during, and after the study are inoculated on plates, aerobically or anaerobically, and microbial colonies are
counted and compared
saliva
89
Early stage of gum disease (inflammation of the gums)
Gingivitis
90
If gingivitis is left untreated it will lead to _______ (inflammation around the teeth)
Peridontitis
