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Anatomy Test 2 > Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Vestibule

A

space between lips, cheeks, teeth

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2
Q

Oral cavity proper

A

hard and soft palate, tongue and floor of mouth, entrance to oropharynx

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3
Q

Protective features of Oral cavity

A
  • mucosa separates and protects deeper tissues
  • prevents microorganisms from gaining access to underlaying tissues
  • tonsils provide immunological protection
  • forms impermeable barrier (floor of mouth is exception)
  • permeabilty barrier consists of lipids derived from membrane (coating granules released into intercellular space)
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4
Q

Secretions of oral cavity

A
  • saliva from major and minor salivary glands

- sebaceous glands secrete sebum

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5
Q

Layers of tissue in oral mucosa

A

Lamina propraia (including epithelium), submucosa, bone

Note: no muscularis mucosae layer

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6
Q

Layers of tissue in mucoperiostium

A

In gingiva and parts of hard palate (firm, inelastic attachment)

lamina propria (including epithelium), periostium, bone

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7
Q

Two main tissue components of oral mucosa

A

epithelium and CT layer

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8
Q

Main types of oral mucosa

A

masticatory, lining, specialized

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9
Q

Masticatory mucosa

A
  • stratified squamous keratinized or parakeritinized epithelium epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • covers gingiva and hard palate
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10
Q

parakeratinized epithelium

A

similar to keratinized except superficial cells don’t lose nuclei, cytoplasm doesn’t stain as intensely with eosin.

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11
Q

Lining mucosa

A
  • stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium
  • covers inner surface of lips, cheeks, soft palate, inferior surface of tongue, floor of mouth
  • CT layers have elastic fibers (for mucosa extensilibility)
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12
Q

specialized mucosa

A

-dorsal surface of tongue (taste buds: role in chemical sensation of taste)

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13
Q

3 parts of lips

A

Cutaneous (S=skin), Vermillion (V), oral mucosa (OM)

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14
Q

Cutaneous part of lips

A

outer/external portion of thin skin (SSKE) with hair follicles and glands

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15
Q

Vermillion border of lips

A

dry, red portion covered with thin keratinized skin. No sweat glands or hair follicles. Capillary beds looping into vermillian border give lips pink colour

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16
Q

oral mucosa of lips

A

inner mucous membrane portion, thick lining epithilium (SSNKE)

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17
Q

Alveolar mucosa

A

-mucous membrane of the lip reflects back on to the alveolar bone as alveolar mucosa (this fold called vestibular or mucolabial fold)

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18
Q

CT of lip vs gingiva

A

Gingival epithelium is tightly bound to bone by dense fiberous CT

Lip epithelium supported by looser CT

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19
Q

Gingiva

A
  • oral mucosa surrounding erupted tooth.

- two parts: gingival mucosa and junctional epithelium

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20
Q

Gingival mucosa

A

faces oral cavity

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21
Q

Junctional epithelium

A

AKA attachment epithelium.

faces the tooth. Adheres firmly to enamel/cementum via hemidesmosomes

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22
Q

Dentogingival junction

A
  • potential weakness in the otherwise continuous epithelial lining (risk of inflammation)
  • basal cells rest on typical basal lamina that interfaces with CT
  • epithelial attachment adheres gingival outer layer to tooth
23
Q

Tongue

A
  • striated muscle lined with mucous membrane

- muscle fibers arranged in three planes for precise movements

24
Q

Dorsal surface of tongue

A
  • specialized epithelium
  • divided into anterior 2/3 (body) and posterior 1/3 (root)
  • mucosial irregularities/elevations called lingual papilla
25
Q

Ventral surface of tongue

A

lining mucosa

26
Q

4 types of papillae

A

filiform papillae, foliate papillae, fingiform papillae, circumvallate/vallate papillae,

27
Q

Filiform papillae

A

-smallest and most numerous papillae
-taste buds not associated with this epithelium
STRUCTURE: conical projections of CT covered with highly keratinized startified squamous epithelium
FUNCTION: forms a tough abrasive surface for a mechanical role
LOCATION: distributed across entire dorsal surface of tongue

28
Q

Foliate papillae

A
  • deep mucosal clefts on lateral aspect of tongue

- have many taste buds in children, less in adults

29
Q

Fungiform papillae

A
  • mushroom shaped projections scattered on dorsal surface
  • more at tip of tongue
  • numerous taste buds
30
Q

Circumvallate/vallate papillae

A
  • large dome shaped structures located just anterior to sulcus terminalis
  • 8-12 in human tongue
  • surrounded by a moat like invagination lines with multiple taste buds
  • Von Eber’s glands produce purely serous product into the moat
31
Q

Taste buds

A
  • specialized clusters of epithelial cells (50-90 fusiform shaped cells) narrow apical ends converge to form a taste pore
  • 3 cell types: neuroepithelial cell, supporting cell, basal cells
32
Q

Neuroepithelial cell (sensory cell)

A
  • microvilli (has receptor that interacts with ‘tastant’) extend from the apical cell through the taste pore
  • form a synapse with an afferent sensory neuron
  • cell turnover every 7-10 days
33
Q

supporting cells

A

microvilli on the apical aspect, they do not synapse with nerve cells

34
Q

Basal cells

A

small cells. Stem cell for both neuroepithelial cell and supporting cell

35
Q

Salivary glands and saliva

A
  • saliva is first barrier against infection
  • aids in speech and swallowing
  • majority of saliva is produced by three paired major salivary galnds
  • all minor glands are mixed mucous and serous glands except von Ebner’s glands
36
Q

Structure of a salivary gland

A
  • arises from developing oral cavity epithelium

- consists of secretory component and a duct component

37
Q

Secretory component of salivary gland

A
  • serous cells in serous acinus (have round nucleus at apical, granules at other end)
  • mucous cells not stained in H+E so have washed out appearance
38
Q

Duct component of salivary glands

A

intralobular duct closest to secretory portion. Has basal infolding to increase surface area for mitochondria

Interlobular duct has multiple branches.

Lobar duct has a few branches. Furthest from secretory portion.

39
Q

Branches of ducts in salivary gland

A

Largest -> smallest

main excretory duct, excretory duct, striated duct, inercalated duct, canaliculus between cells, tubular secretory end piece, spherical secretory end piece

40
Q

Acinus

A

blind ended duct composed of secretory cells. Three types: serous, mucous, mixed

41
Q

Serous acini

A

only serous cells. protein secretions stores in zymogen granules in apical aspect of cell.

42
Q

Mucous acini

A

cells contain mucinogen granules

43
Q

mixed acini

A

cells contain mucinogen granules

44
Q

myoepithelial cells

A

contractile cells with numerous processes, between basal plasma membrane of acinar secretory cells and basal lamina of epithelium (also in proximal duct system). Aids in transporting secretory product to the duct portion of the salivon

45
Q

Salivary ducts epithelial cells

A

intercalated duct: low cuboidal epithelial cells

striated ducts: larger cuboidal cells become columnar, infoldings in basal plasma membrane involved in resorption of electrolytes form ‘striations’ in histological secretions

Excretory ducts: epithelium changes as it blends with the epithelium of the oral cavity from simple cuboidal/columnar to pseudostratified columnar to stratified squamous. (largest ducts and travel in CT of gland)

46
Q

Parotid salivary gland

A
  • completely serous with a well developed duct system
  • enclosed in a tough CT capsule
  • fatty tissue allows flexibilty
47
Q

Submandibular salivary gland

A
  • mixed glands, predominant serous acini

- duct runs forward to beneath the frenulum of the tongue

48
Q

Sublingual glands

A
  • mostly mucus secreting glands (serous demilunes present, but rarely serous acini)
  • multiple ducts (small) empty to submandibular duct or floor of the mouth
49
Q

Saliva production/modification

A

sodium removed from lumen at the level of the striated duct (water does not follow), making hypotonic, watery secretion.

50
Q

Enamel

A

acellular, avascular, insensitive.
96% inorganic hydroxyapatite
-hardest calcified matrix in body
-organized in rods
-derived from epithelium ectoderm of oral cavity
-produced by ameloblasts (which degenerate after enamel fully formed)

51
Q

Dentin

A
  • less mineralized than bone (70% hydroxyapetite)
  • organic component is type I collagen
  • forms bulk of the tooth
  • produced by odontoblasts (derived from ectomesenchyme)
  • cells continue to reside in pulp and repair dentin as needed
52
Q

Pulp cavity

A
  • central pulp chamber
  • richly vascularized, abundant nerves
  • soft CT
53
Q

Cementum

A
  • covers root of tooth, firmly locked to dentin
  • mineralized similar to bone
  • avascular
  • formed by cementoblasts (derived from ectomesenchyme)
54
Q

Periodontal ligament

A

AKA PDL

  • between cementum and alveolar bone
  • principle fiber groups made of type I collagen fibers (high turnover rate)
  • Sharpey’s fibers are ends of principle fiber groups embedded in alveolus and cementum
  • richly vascularized
  • highly cellular, lots of nerves

Anatomy Test 2 (6 decks)

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