Oral Cavity and Tongue Flashcards by Motheo Moledi

Oral region
* Includes: (5)

o Oral cavity
o Teeth and gingivae
o Tongue
o Palate
o Region of the palatine tonsils

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oral region:
Functions: (4)

o Formation of food bolus by mastication and
lingual manipulation
o Voluntary deglutition
o Manipulation of sound from the larynx (sound)
o Opening of the respiratory system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Divisions of the oral cavity: (2)

Oral vestibule
Oral cavity proper

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the features of the Oral vestibule? (3)

Slit-like space between the teeth & gingivae, and the lips & cheeks
Communicates with the exterior through the oral fissure
Size of the oral fissure is controlled by the peri-oral muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Peri-oral muscles: (4)

o Orbicularis oris
o Buccinator
o Risorius
o Depressors and elevators of the lips (dilators of the oral fissure)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Oral cavity proper?

The space between the upper and lower dental arches/arcades
When the mouth is closed and at rest, the tongue fully occupies the cavity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity proper? (4)

o Lateral and anterior- dental arches
o Superior (roof)- hard and soft palate
o Inferior (floor)- mylohyoid m., geniohyoid m. and tongue
o Posterior- oropharyngeal isthmus and oropharynx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the lips?

Mobile, musculofibrous folds surrounding the mouth lined externally by skin and internally by mucosa.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lips
Extent: (2)

o Laterally and superiorly- nasolabial sulci and nares
o Inferiorly- mentolabial sulcus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do the lips contain? (3)

o Orbicularis oris
o Superior and inferior labial muscles
o Superior and inferior labial nerves and vessels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of the lips?

o Valve of the oral fissure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the lymph drainage of the lips? (2)

o Upper lip and lateral lower lip drains into submandibular nodes
o Medial part of lower lip drains into submental nodes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the blood supply of the lips?

o Superior and inferior labial arteries from facial artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the innervation of the lips? (2)

o Upper lip- superior labial br. of infraorbital br. of maxillary nerve (CN V2)
o Lower lip- inferior labial br. of mental br. of inferior alveolar n. from mandibular nerve (CN V3)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the cheeks? (2)

Movable walls of the oral cavity that are continuous with the lips
Functions in keeping food between teeth when chewing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Extent- the buccal region: (4)

Anterior-
Superior-
Posterior-
Inferior-

o Anteriorly- oral and mental regions
o Superiorly- zygomatic region
o Posteriorly- parotid region
o Inferiorly- inferior border of the mandible

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the principle muscle of the cheek?

Principle muscle of the cheek is the buccinator

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

o Superficial to buccinator is the buccal ____-____
o Deep to buccinator are buccal _____

fat-pad
glands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the blood supply to the cheeks?

o Buccal branches of 2nd part of maxillary artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the innervation to the cheeks? (2)

o Sensory- buccal branches of mandibular nerve (CN V3)
o Motor (to buccinator)- buccal branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Gingivae?

Composed of fibrous tissue covered with mucous membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Gingiva proper (attached gingiva)? (2)

Firmly attached to the alveolar part of the mandible,
alveolar process of maxilla and necks of teeth
Pink, stippled and keratinized

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Alveolar mucosa (unattached gingiva)? (2)

Continuation of the mucous membrane of the cheeks, lips and floor of the mouth
Shiny red and nonkeratinizing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the innervation of the Gingivae? (2)

o anterior superior alveolar, middle superior alveolar and posterior superior alveolar br. from maxillary nerve
o buccal and mental br. of mandibular nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the features of the teeth? (3)

* Housed in alveolar bone * 32 in adults, 20 in children * Structure is dependent on position and function

o Incisors- o Canines- o Premolars- o Molars-

o Incisors- chisel-shaped for cutting o Canines- longest with single pointed cusp to grasp o Premolars- 2 pointed cusps to grind o Molars- 3 to 5 cusps to grind

Vasculature of the teeth: (2)

o superior and inferior alveolar aa. from the maxillary a. o Alveolar vv. and pterygoid venous plexus to maxillary v.

Upper arcade- maxillary nerve: Anterior superior alveolar Teeth innervated:

Incisors and canines

Upper arcade- maxillary nerve: Middle superior alveolar Teeth innervated:

Premolars

Upper arcade- maxillary nerve: Posterior superior alveolar Teeth innervated:

Molars

Lower arcade- mandibular nerve Dental br. of inferior alveolar Teeth innervated:

2nd premolar and molars

Lower arcade- mandibular nerve Incisive branches of inferior alveolar Teeth innervated:

Incisors, canines and 1st premolar

What is the lymph drainage of the teeth? (2)

o Maxillary teeth- deep cervical lymph nodes o Mandibular teeth- submental and submandibular nodes

What is the palate? (2)

* Forms the roof of the oral cavity and the floor of the nasal cavity * Separates the oral cavity and oropharynx from the nasal cavity and nasopharynx

Palate: * superior surface lined by _____ ______ * Inferior surface lined by oral mucosa with ______

respiratory mucosa glands

What is the hard palate? (2)

* Composes the anterior 2 thirds of the palate * Bony skeleton formed by palatine processes of maxillae (anterior 2/3) and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones (posterior 1/3)

What is the incisive fossa? (2)

* Incisive fossa- depression in the midline of bony palate with incisive foramen * has closely attached mucosa with embedded palatine glandes that secrete saliva

What is the difference between the greater palatine and the lesser palatine foramen? (2)

* greater palatine foramen- medial to 3rd molar tooth * lesser palatine foramen- posterior to greater palatine foramen

What is the soft palate? (2)

* Movable posterior third of the palate suspended form the posterior border of the hard palate * Palatine aponeurosis

What is the palatine aponeurosis? (2)

o Attaches to the posterior edge of the hard palate o Thick anteriorly and thin posteriorly where it blends with the muscular part of the soft palate

What is the uvula?

* Uvula- curved free margin on the postero-inferior surface of the free palate

Muscles of the soft palate: (5)

Muscle Tensor veli palatini Main action: Innervation:

Tenses soft palate & opens mouth of eustachian tube Medial pterygoid n. from mandibular n. via otic ganglion

Muscle Levator palatini Main action: Innervation:

Elevates soft palate during swallowing and yawning Pharyngeal branch of vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

Muscle Palatoglossus Main action: Innervation:

Draws soft palate on to tongue and elevates posterior tongue Pharyngeal branch of vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

Muscle Palatopharyngeus Main action: Innervation:

Tenses soft palate and pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, medially and anteriorly during swallowing Pharyngeal branch of vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

Muscle Musculus uvulae Main action: Innervation:

Shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly Pharyngeal branch of vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

* Blood supply of the palatine: (3)

o Greater and lesser palatine arteries from descending palatine artery o Ascending palatine artery from facial artery o Drained by tributaries of the pterygoid venous plexus

* Innervation o Sensory innervation by branches of the maxillary nerve from the pterygopalatine ganglion: (3)

- Greater palatine nerve - Nasopalatine nerve - Lesser palatine nerve

Where is the tongue located?

Partly in the oral cavity and partly in the oropharynx.

What is the function of the tongue? (3)

o Formation of bolus and deglutition o Speech o Taste

What is the structure of the tongue? (3)

o Root- extends between hyoid and mandible, and extends almost vertically as the posterior surface of the tongue o Body- anterior 2/3 of the tongue that is mobile o Apex- anterior end of the body resting against incisors

What are the surfaces of the tongue? (2)

o Dorsum- superior and posterior surfaces o Inferior surface- rests on the floor of the mouth

Where is the Lingual papillae?

o Found on the mucosa of the anterior part of the tongue

What is the 1. Vallate papillae? (2)

o Large and flat topped o Line in a V directly anterior to terminal sulcus

What is the 2. Foliate papillae?

o Small lateral folds of the lingual mucosa

What is the 3. Filiform papillae? (3)

o Long and numerous o Have nerve endings sensitive to touch o Arranged in V-shaped rows parallel to terminal sulcus

What is the 4. Fungiform papillae?

o Mushroom-shaped spots scattered among the filiform papillae o Numerous at the apex and tongue margins

What is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Alter the position of the tongue.

Muscle: Genioglossus Main action: Innervation:

- Bilateral activity depresses tongue centrally - Posterior part pulls tongue anteriorly - Anterior part retracts apex of protruded tongue - Unilateral contraction deviates tongue to contralateral side - Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Muscle: Hyoglossus Main action: Innervation:

- Depresses tongue on its sides - Retracts tongue - Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Muscle: Styloglossus Main action: Innervation:

Retracts tongue Elevates tongue on its sides - Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Muscle: Palatoglossus Main action: Innervation:

Elevates posterior tongue and depresses soft palate Vagus nerve (CN X)

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Change the shape of the tongue.

Muscle: Superior longitudinal Main action: Innervation:

- Elevates apex and sides of tongue to curl it upwards - Shortens the tongue Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Muscle: Vertical Main action: Innervation:

Flattens and broadens tongue Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Muscle: Transverse Main action: Innervation:

Narrows and elongates tongue Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

How do the vertical and transverse work together?

Act together to protrude the tongue

Muscle: Inferior longitudinal Main action: Innervation:

- Depresses apex and sides of tongue to curl it downwards - Shortens tongue Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Innervation of the tongue:

Blood supply to the tongue: * Lingual artery from the _____ _______ * Dorsal lingual artery supplies ____ ____ ______ * Deep lingual artery supplies _____ _____ _____ * Dorsal lingual veins drain the root of the tongue * Deep lingual veins drain the body of the tongue and drain into the ______ ______ * Sublingual and dorsal lingual veins enter internal jugular vein directly or through a _____ ______ ______

external carotid root of tongue body of tongue sublingual vein common lingual vein

Lymph drainage of the tongue:

Oral Cavity and Tongue Flashcards

(72 cards)