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MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A > Pelvic Viscera > Flashcards

Pelvic Viscera Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Peritoneum in males:
1-9

A
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2
Q

Peritoneum in females:
1-9

A
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3
Q

What are the ureters? (2)

A
  • Muscular tubes connects
    kidneys to bladder
  • Retroperitoneal
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4
Q

What is the course of the ureters? (5)

A
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5
Q

What is the structure of the bladder? (2)

A
  • Hollow, strong muscular walls (detrusor muscles)
  • Tetrahedral shaped – superior, 2 inferolateral, posterior
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6
Q

What is the apex of the bladder? (2)

A
  • Points: superior edge of pubic symphysis
  • Superior & inferolateral surfaces mee
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7
Q

What is the fundus of the bladder? (3)

A
  • Posterior surface; Opp. apex
  • Inverted triangle (posteroinferior)
  • Ureters enter (upper corners)
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8
Q

What is the inferolateral surface?

A
  • Cradled btw levator ani & obturator internus
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9
Q

What is the body of the bladder?

A
  • Between apex & fundus
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10
Q

What is the neck (exit of urethra) ? (2)

A
  • Fundus & inferolateral surfaces meet
  • Held by lateral ligaments and puboprostatic/ pubovesical
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11
Q

Bladder

____ folds.

A

Mucosal

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12
Q

What is the trigone in the bladder? (2)

A
  • Trigone: ∆ area at fundus
  • Urethra + ureters
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13
Q

What is the Inter-ureteric torus in the bladder?

A
  • Muscular thickening btw. ureteric orifices
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14
Q

What are the supporting structures of the bladder?

Male:
Female:

A
  • Male: puboprostatic ligaments
  • Female: pubovesical ligaments
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15
Q

Bladder:

  • ______ space
A

Retropubic

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16
Q

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery? (2)

MALES

A

= Superior vesical a.
- Anterosuperior part

= Inferior vesical a.
- Fundus and neck

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17
Q

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery? (2)

FEMALES

A
  • Superior vesical a.
  • Anterosuperior part
  • Vaginal a.
  • Fundus and neck
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18
Q

Bladder

  • Correspond to arteries →
    Internal _____ veins
  • Inferior _____ v.
A

iliac
vesical

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19
Q
  • Males:
  • Vesical venous plexus = (3)
A
  • Prostatic venous plexus
  • Fundus, prostate, seminal glands, ductus deferens & inf. ureters
  • Deep dorsal v. of penis
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20
Q
  • Females:
  • Vesical venous plexus = (3)
A
  • Uterovaginal plexus
  • Pelvic part of urethra & neck of bladder
  • Dorsal v. of clitoris
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21
Q

Bladder: Innervation
* Vesical (pelvic) plexus carries _____ and ______ fibres.

A

Bladder: Innervation
* Vesical (pelvic) plexus carries sympathetic and
parasympathetic fibres

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22
Q

Bladder: Innervation
* Parasympathetic: (3)

A
  • Motor to detrusor m. and sensory (pain)
  • S2-S4
  • Pelvic splanchnic nerves & inferior hypogastric plexus
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23
Q

Bladder: Innervation
* Sympathetic: (2)

A
  • Fibers from T11-L2/3
  • Hypogastric plexuses
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24
Q

Urethra
* What is the Prostatic part?

A
  • Widest, most elastic part, (± 3-4cm long)
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25
Where is the prostatic part of the urethra?
* Situated within prostate
26
What are the contents of the prostatic part of the urethra? (5)
* Urethral crest * Prostatic utricle * Ejaculatory duct orifices * Prostatic sinus * 15-20 orifices for prostatic ducts
27
What is the membranous part of the urethra?
* Narrowest, least elastic part
28
Where is the membranous part of the urethra situated?
* Situated: urogenital diaphragm (± 1-2cm long)
29
What does the membranous part of the urethra surround?
* Surrounded: urethral sphincter
30
What is the urethra part of the spongy part? (3)
* Runs within corpus spongiosum & glans (±15cm long) * Bulbo-urethral glands open into floor * Dilated end: navicular foss
31
What are the urethral sphincters? (2)
* Internal urethral sphincter * External urethral sphincter - From membranous urethra to neck of bladder
32
What is the arterial supply of the urethra in MALES? Proximal: (2) Distal:
* Proximal - Inferior vesical artery - Middle rectal * Distal - Dorsal artery of penis
33
What is the venous drainage of the urethra in MALES?
* Accompanying veins -> prostatic venous plexus
34
What is the innervation of the urethra? * Autonomic: * Somatic (spongy):
* Autonomic: Prostatic nerve plexus from the inferior hypogastric plexus * Somatic (spongy): Dorsal n. of the penis (pudendal n.)
35
What is the female urethra?
* Straight tube
36
Where does the female urethra run from? (2)
* Runs from internal urethral orifice in bladder distally along anterior wall of vagina - No internal urethral sphincter
37
Where does the female urethra open into? (2)
38
What is the arterial supply of the the female urethra?
* Internal pudendal and vaginal aa.
39
What is the venous drainage of the female urethra?
* Accompanying veins
40
What is the innervation of the female urethra? Autonomic: Somatic:
* Autonomic: inferior hypogastric plexus * Somatic: pudendal nerve
41
Where is the rectum continuous from? (2)
* Continuous from sigmoid colon - Rectosigmoid junction – S3 - No teniae coli or omental appendices
42
Where does the rectum end?
* Ends at coccyx
43
Where is the coccyx? (2)
* Start of anal canal * Anorectal flexure at levator ani
44
What does the rectum follow?
* Follows curve of sacrum - Sacral flexure of rectum
45
What are the flexures of the rectum?
* Superior, intermediate and inferior lateral flexures - Transverse rectal folds: sup, mid, inf.
46
What is the blood supply of the rectum? (4)
47
What is the venous drainage of the rectum?
- Superior, middle & inferior rectal veins - NB! Portacaval anastomosis
47
What is the nervous supply of the rectum? Sympathetic: (2)
* Lumbar spinal cord * Lumbar splanchnic and hypogastric/pelvic plexus
48
What is the nervous supply of the rectum? Parasympathetic: (3)
* S2-S4 spinal cord * Passing via pelvic splanchnic nerves and inf. Hypogastric plexus * To rectal plexus
49
Rectum: Relations * Lateral:
* Pararectal fossae
50
Rectum: Relations * Posterior:
* Sacrum, coccyx, anococcygeal lig.
51
Rectum: Relations Anterior (FEMALE):
* F: Recto-uterine pouch, vagina, cervix of uterus
52
Rectum: Relations Anterior (MALE):
* M: Rectovesical pouch, fundus of urinary bladder, terminal parts of ureters, ductus deferens, seminal glands, prostate
53
What is the Anal canal?
* Terminal part of the digestive system - Pelvic diaphragm to anus
54
Anal Canal: Posterior: Lateral:
* Posterior - Anococcygeal raphe * Lateral - Ischio-anal fossae
55
What is the external sphincter? (2)
* Striated muscle – voluntary * Surrounds lower part of anal canal
56
What are the 3 parts of the external anal sphincter? - Subcutaneous: - Superficial: - Deep:
57
What is the somatic innervation of the anal canal?
* Somatic innervation: inferior rectal n.
57
What is the internal anal sphincter? (2)
* Smooth muscle – involuntary * Thickened circular muscle layer
58
* Internal anal sphincter Surround:
Upper 2/3 part of anal canal
59
* Internal anal sphincter Autonomic innervation:
* Autonomic innervation: Inferior hypogastric plexus
60
What is this structure?
* Anorectal sling - Puborectal sling
61
What is the anorectal sling junction?
* Junction: rectum & anal canal - U-shaped muscular sling
62
What is the anorectal sling formed by?
* Puborectalis
63
What is the junction of the pectinate line? (2)
* Junction: Sup. and inf. anal canal * Difference in neurovascular supply
64
Anal canal Pectinate line: Superior Artery: Vein: Innervation:
65
Anal canal Pectinate line: Inferior Artery: Vein: Innervation:
66

MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A (60 decks)

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