Oral Cavity and Tooth Development Flashcards
(180 cards)
1
Q
Oral cavity bounded by _____ superiorly
A
hard & soft palate
2
Q
Oral cavity bounded by _____ inferiorly
A
tongue and floor
3
Q
Oral cavity bounded by _____ anterior and lateral
A
teeth (dental arcade)
4
Q
Oral cavity bounded by _____ posterior
A
oropharynx
5
Q
area enclosed between lips & teeth
A
Vestibule
6
Q
transitional zone between external haired skin & internal oral mucosa
A
Vermillion border
7
Q
Color of oral cavity derived from
A
highly vascular dermis & thin, overlying keratinized epidermis
8
Q
____ lack sweat & sebaceous glands•Highly sensitive due to rich sensory innervation
A
Lips
9
Q
Oral cavity responsible for ____, _____, and _____ of food
A
ingestion, fragmentation, & moistening
10
Q
______ involves cutting, chewing, & grinding of food by occlusal surfaces of teeth; Assisted by lips, tongue, & salivary glands
A
Mastication
11
Q
_____ is formed from mastication for swallowing
A
bolus
12
Q
______ is also involved in speech, facial expression, sensory perception & respiration
A
Oral cavity
13
Q
_____ of oral cavity is composed of non-keratinized mucosa found on inner cheeks, floor of mouth, inferior surface of tongue & soft palate
A
Lining mucosa
14
Q
Lining mucosa lacks what layer of epidermis?
A
Stratum corneum
15
Q
____ of oral cavity is present in areas of high abrasion, e.g., gingiva (gums) & hard palate; Keratinized or parakeratinized
A
Masticatory mucosa
16
Q
_____ of oral cavity is restricted to dorsal surface of tongue; keratinized
A
Specialized mucosa
17
Q
____ is a Muscular organ composed of interlacing skeletal Mm fibers; Specialized for manipulation of food and sensation of taste
A
Tongue
18
Q
Accessory salivary glands scattered throughout tongue musculature are located within what layers?
A
lamina propria & between Mm layers
19
Q
Which cranial nerves innervate the tongue?
A
V, VII, IX, X, and XII
20
Q
Which cranial nerve provides general sensation anterior to sulcus terminalis on the tongue?
A
V
21
Q
Which cranial nerve provides taste on the tongue?
A
VII
22
Q
Which cranial nerve provides general sensation and taste posterior to sulcus terminalis of tongue?
A
IX
23
Q
Which cranial nerve provides taste and motor on tongue?
A
X
24
Q
Which cranial nerve provides only motor innervation to tongue?
A
XII
25
The tongue is supported inferiorly by the ____
frenulum
26
_____ is a thin band of connective tissue anchoring the tongue to floor of the mouth
lingual frenulum
27
Embryologically, anterior 2/3 of tongue derived from ____
ectoderm
28
Embryologically, posterior 1/3 of tongue derived from
pharynx (mesoderm)
29
Groove that separates the anterior 2/3 and the posterior 1/3
sulcus terminalis
30
Both the anterior and posterior portion of tongue are covered by ______ epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
31
Which portion of the tongue is keratinized?
Anterior 2/3
32
Which papillae are most numerous; keratinized, short bristles, distributed in parallel rows; Lack taste buds; primarily tactile
Filiform papillae
33
Which papillae are mushroom-shaped, scattered among filiform papillae; Contain taste buds located on dorsal surface
Fungiform papillae
34
Which papillae are located in furrows/ ridges on lateral portion of tongue; Taste buds located laterally on papillae; Associated with salivary glands (von Ebner’s glands) at base of papilla; Rudimentary in humans; contain taste buds in children, degenerate with age
Foliate papillae
35
Ovoid structures in dermal ridges
taste buds
36
Which papillae are associated with von Ebner's glands?
Foliate and circumvallate papillae
37
Which papillae are in a row of 8-12 large, dome-shaped papillae; Located immediately anterior to sulcus terminalis; Surrounded by moat-like sulcus, containing large #’s of taste buds laterally ~ base; Also associated with salivary glands (von Ebner’s glands) at base of papilla
Circumvallate papillae
38
Where are circumvallate papillae located?
Located immediately anterior to sulcus terminalis
39
Taste buds on the tongue are located on _____
papillae
40
Which papillae lack taste buds?
filiform
41
T/F: Many taste buds degenerate past 45 years of age
True
42
Taste buds are found on what structures?
Tongue, Palate, pharynx, and epiglottis
43
Oval taste buds consist of up to 20-30 spindle-shaped central _____
taste cells
44
Taste cells make up _____
taste buds
45
Taste cells contain _____
terminal taste hairs
46
What cells surround taste hairs?
Sustentacular cells and basal cells
47
What covers taste hairs?
glycoprotein coat
48
What cranial nerves innervate taste buds?
VII, IX, and X
49
T/F: Taste cells continuously lost & replaced; have lifespan of ~ 10 days in most mammals
True
50
T/F: Taste cells associated with myelinated N endings
True
51
What are the 4 basic tastes?
Sweet, sour, bitter, and salty
52
Each taste cell contains receptors for how many tastes?
One
53
T/F: Taste buds contain a mixture of taste cells
True
54
Bitter taste receptors concentrated on ____ papillae
circumvallate papillae
55
Taste associated with circumvallate papillae which detects certain AA’s,
umami (savory)
56
Decreased ability to taste is called
hypogeusia
57
Is there a genetic basis for taste that influences food preferences?
Yes
58
Hereditary condition that causes the total absence of taste buds
Type 1 familial dysautonomia
59
Underlying mucosa of tongue in caudal 1/3 is a mass of ____ tissue
lymphoid tissue
60
Underlying mucosa of tongue in caudal 1/3 is a mass of lymphoid tissue called ______; similar to palatine and pharyngeal tonsils in structure and function
Lingual tonsil
61
Which tonsils are located in a ring that are collectively referred to as Waldeyer's ring?
Lingual, pharyngeal, and palatal tonsils
62
What are the functions of Waldeyer's ring?
Protect respiratory and digestive tract
63
extension of posterior free margin of soft palate; Has central core of skeletal Mm; Covered by lining mucosa, with lg #’s of submucosal (palatine) glands; Prevents food from entering nasal cavity during swallowing
Uvula
64
What kind of glands are on the uvula?
Submucosal palatine glands
65
What are the 3 major pairs of salivary glands?
Sublingual, submandibular, and parotid
66
salivary gland almost completely serous; (largest gland, located on cheeks)
Parotid
67
opens within vestibule, opposite upper 2nd molar
Parotid duct
68
salivary gland that is mostly mucous (located below tongue)
Sublingual
69
salivary gland that is mixed (located inferior & medial to ramus of mandible)
Submandibular
70
opens at sublingual caruncle
Submandibular duct
71
Numerous smaller, _______ scattered throughout oral mucosa (lingual, labial, buccal, molar & palatine glands)
accessory glands
72
The secretory unit of the salivary gland is
Acinus
73
Salivary glands are composed of ______ glands
compound (branched) tubuloacinar glands
74
_____ cells surround acini—contraction aids in secretion of saliva into ducts
Myoepithelial cells
75
Serous acini of mixed glands often in form of
serous demilunes
76
What are the 2 types of acini?
serous and mucous
77
_____ are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium (secrete HCO3, resorb Cl)
Intercalated ducts
78
What kind of epithelium do intercalated ducts possess?
simple cuboidal epithelium
79
_____Possess basal striations, due to folding of plasma membrane; Function—resorb Na, sec K into saliva; also secrete lysozyme & IgA; Empty into larger excretory ducts
Striated ducts
80
What kind of epithelium do striated ducts possess?
Simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium
81
What 2 kinds of epithelium do excretory ducts possess?
stratified cuboidal or pseudostratified columnar epithelium
82
_____ stimulation inhibits aqueous secretion => thick, viscous saliva, rich in protein
Sympathetic
83
______ stimulation => copious, watery saliva
Parasympathetic
84
What 5 things does saliva contain?
water, glycoproteins, proteins, antibodies, and enzymes
85
____ is an enzyme in saliva that converts starch to sugar
amylase
86
____ in an enzyme in saliva that is antibacterial
lysozyme
87
The antibodies in saliva include ___ and ____
IgA and inorganic ions
88
Is saliva high or low in potassium?
High
89
Is saliva high or low in sodium?
Low
90
Is saliva high or low in bicarbonate?
High
91
What is the average production of saliva in a day for humans?
600-1500 mL per day
92
____ are proteins in saliva that cover the teeth
acquired pellicle
93
Function of ____ include Moistens oral mucosa & dry food•Provides carrier medium for sense of taste•Buffering via high bicarbonate content•Digestion of carbohydrates via amylase•Immunologic function—secretion of salivary IgA•Control of bacterial flora—•Proteins in saliva cover teeth with acquired pellicle•Contains Ab’s that prevent tooth decay•↓ salivary producKon exacerbates tooth decay
saliva
94
Functions of _____: Proteins in saliva cover teeth with acquired pellicle•Contains Ab’s that prevent tooth decay•↓ salivary producKon exacerbates tooth decay
bacterial flora
95
Tooth are grossly divided into what 2 parts?
root and crown
96
Portion of tooth embedded in bone called
tooth root
97
tooth root is in a part of the jaw called
alveolar ridge
98
the tooth socket within the alveolar ridge is called
alveolus
99
Portion of tooth that projects into oral cavity
crown
100
Crown is protected by layer of highly mineralized ____, covers crown
enamel
101
____ is a hard, translucent substance, containing < 1% organic material & 96-98% hydroxyapatite
Enamel
102
Ectodermal in origin; secreted by tall, columnar ameloblasts of enamel organ
Enamel
103
Apical, secretory end of ameloblast forms single, large process
Tome’s process
104
Enamel mineralization is non-uniform, resulting in highly calcified ______—roughly hexagonal, ~4-8μm in diameter
enamel rods or prisms
105
Enamel rods are Separated by less mineralized _____
interprismatic material
106
Enamel rods extend from _____ at enamel surface to ______
ameloblasts; dentino-enamel junction
107
Bulk of tooth composed of less mineralized
dentine
108
Mesodermal in origin, secreted by odontoblasts of dental papilla Chemically similar to bone, but more mineralized; ~ 70% hydroxyapatite crystals; Also contains Type I collagen & GAG’s
dentin
109
dentin is secreted by _____
odontoblasts
110
____ contains odontoblasts that secrete dentin
dental papilla
111
Dentine arranged in _______—hollow, parallel tubes radiating from pulp cavity
dentine tubules
112
long, rod-like cytoplasmic processes of odontoblasts
Tome's fibers
113
Central pulp cavity contains ____
support structures including sensory Nn & blood vessels
114
Dentin is innervated by
myelinated nerves
115
_____ is mesodermal in origin; resembles primitive mesenchyme; Contains stellate fibroblasts, reticular fibers, collagen, & ground substance; Richly supplied by capillaries from arterioles running with periodontal ligament
Dental pulp
116
Dental pulp contains what types of fibers?
stellate fibroblasts, reticular fibers, collagen, & ground substance
117
Tooth root is covered by a thin layer of _____ (also mesodermal)—amorphous, collagen-based, calcified tissue~45-50% hydroxyapatite, similar to bone—
cementum
118
Cementum is manufactured by
cementoblasts
119
Cementoblasts mature into
cementocytes
120
Cementum layer anchored to bone of alveolus with fibers of
periodontal ligament
121
Periodontal ligament is composed of dense, collageous fibers, called _____
Sharpey’s fibers
122
Run at oblique angle, support tooth in socket; allows slight movement of tooth during mastication
periodontal ligament
123
occasional clusters of epithelial cells within periodontal ligament
vestigial epithelial rests of Malassez
124
Region of tooth between root & crown is
neck of tooth
125
Protected by masticatory oral mucosa called _____ ; covers upper portion of alveolar ridge
gingiva (= gums)
126
covers upper alveolar bone
attached gingiva
127
forms cuff or neck of tooth
free gingiva
128
Space between free gingiva and crown
gingival sulcus
129
very thin, only 2-3 cells thick, easily breached by bacteria => periodontal disease, gingivitis
crevicular epithelium
130
Tissues that surround & support tooth collectively referred to as ______ —include epithelium, cementum, periodontal ligament & alveolar bone
periodontium
131
T/F: Teeth are formed between opposing layers of epithelial cells
True
132
What 2 layers are teeth formed between?
ameloblasts of enamel organ & odontoblasts of dental papilla
133
Enamel is of ______ origin
ectodermal
134
Dentine, cementum, pulp, & periodontal ligament are of _____ origin
mesodermal
135
6th week of fetal development, a horseshoe-shaped epithelial ridge arises from oral epithelium and Forms ______ in position of future jaws
dental lamina
136
T/F: In each quadrant, lamina develops several globular, ectodermal swellings (one for each deciduous tooth)
True
137
Superficial half of epithelial cells of dental lamina forms
enamel organs
138
Deep half of epithelial cells of dental lamina forms
dental papilla
139
Enamel organ initially ___-shaped (cap stage)
cup
140
Cells of enamel organ progressively differentiate, become _______, with extracellular matrix of GAG’s
stellate reticulum
141
Later forms ____-shaped structure (bellstage)
bell
142
Cells lining outer, convex surface of enamel organ become
external enamel epithelium
143
Cells lining concave surface of enamel organ form _______ differentiate into tall, columnar ameloblasts
internal enamel epithelium
144
enamel formation
Amelogenesis
145
Deepto developing enamel organs is _____ that develops into dental papilla
primitive mesenchyme;
146
Cells lining convex surface of dental papilla develop into ____
odontoblasts
147
Dentin formation
dentinogenesis
148
T/F: Development of ameloblasts induces differentiation of odontoblasts,
True
149
T/F: calcification of dentine induces deposition of enamel
True
150
Tooth formation initiated by deposition of organic _____ by odontoblasts on surface of dental papilla
pre-dentine
151
Calcificaiton of dentine matrix secondarily induces ____ production
enamel
152
Odontoblasts have _______, embedded in dentine matrix—form _____
odontoblast processes; dentine tubules
153
Enamel forms in mineralized columns of _____, separated by less mineralized _____
enamel rods; interprismatic material
154
Subsequent to deposit of dentine & enamel, dental lamina _____
fragments & atrophies
155
At time of tooth eruption, enamel organ & ameloblasts _____
degenerate
156
T/F: Overlying mucosa separates as tooth erupts, exposing crown
True
157
Dental papilla shrinks, becomes _____, surrounded by dentine
dental pulp
158
After tooth formation is complete, small amounts of ______ continue to be produced, may eventually obliterate pulp cavity
2’ dentine
159
Overall shape of ______ determines 3-D shape of tooth crown
enamel organ
160
Outer rim of enamel organ known as _____ determines cross-sectional outline of tooth
epithelial sheath of Hertwig (= Hertwig’s root sheath)
161
Surrounding mesenchyme forms ______ => periodontal ligament
dental follicle
162
Enamel organs of permanent teeth develop as buds from
dental lamina & “deciduous” enamel organ
163
In case of molars, dental lamina proliferates ____ to form enamel organs of 2’ dentition
caudally
164
In humans, tooth development begins ____ of fetal development—but tooth eruption does not occur until _____ after birth
~6th week; 6-30 months
165
______, administered during development of permanent dentition incorporated into enamel => yellow discoloration of teeth
Tetracycline
166
modified for cutting & biting
Incisors
167
for puncturing & holding
Canines
168
generally used for grinding
Premolars & molars
169
allows lateral & anterior-posterior motion—important for chewing, grinding
TMJ
170
Raised points on occlusal surfaces of molars & premolars known as
cusps
171
Flattened posterior surface of lower molars known as
talonid
172
Premolars and molars can be low crowned, or____ in omnivores
bunodont
173
Premolars and molars can be very tall, high crowned, _____, as in herbivores
hypsodont
174
_____ accomplished by osteoblast & osteoclast activity in alveolus
Orthodontia
175
results when weak acids in food & drink erode calcified enamel, augmented by bacterial action
Dental caries
176
helps harden enamel & kills bacteria
Fluoride
177
Caries may extend into dentine or pulp cavity, produce abscesses or death of tooth => ______
root canal
178
caused by accumulation of calcified food & bacterial debris (plaque) in gingival sulcus => widening of gingival sulcus, possible inflammation & destruction of periodontal ligament
Periodontal disease
179
Inflammation of gums
gingivitis
180
Inflammation of periodontal ligament
periodontitis
