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Histology Exam 3 > Oral Cavity and Tooth Development > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Tooth Development Flashcards

1
Q

Oral cavity bounded by _____ superiorly

A

hard & soft palate

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2
Q

Oral cavity bounded by _____ inferiorly

A

tongue and floor

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3
Q

Oral cavity bounded by _____ anterior and lateral

A

teeth (dental arcade)

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4
Q

Oral cavity bounded by _____ posterior

A

oropharynx

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5
Q

area enclosed between lips & teeth

A

Vestibule

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6
Q

transitional zone between external haired skin & internal oral mucosa

A

Vermillion border

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7
Q

Color of oral cavity derived from

A

highly vascular dermis & thin, overlying keratinized epidermis

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8
Q

____ lack sweat & sebaceous glands•Highly sensitive due to rich sensory innervation

A

Lips

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9
Q

Oral cavity responsible for ____, _____, and _____ of food

A

ingestion, fragmentation, & moistening

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10
Q

______ involves cutting, chewing, & grinding of food by occlusal surfaces of teeth; Assisted by lips, tongue, & salivary glands

A

Mastication

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11
Q

_____ is formed from mastication for swallowing

A

bolus

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12
Q

______ is also involved in speech, facial expression, sensory perception & respiration

A

Oral cavity

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13
Q

_____ of oral cavity is composed of non-keratinized mucosa found on inner cheeks, floor of mouth, inferior surface of tongue & soft palate

A

Lining mucosa

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14
Q

Lining mucosa lacks what layer of epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum

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15
Q

____ of oral cavity is present in areas of high abrasion, e.g., gingiva (gums) & hard palate; Keratinized or parakeratinized

A

Masticatory mucosa

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16
Q

_____ of oral cavity is restricted to dorsal surface of tongue; keratinized

A

Specialized mucosa

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17
Q

____ is a Muscular organ composed of interlacing skeletal Mm fibers; Specialized for manipulation of food and sensation of taste

A

Tongue

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18
Q

Accessory salivary glands scattered throughout tongue musculature are located within what layers?

A

lamina propria & between Mm layers

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19
Q

Which cranial nerves innervate the tongue?

A

V, VII, IX, X, and XII

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20
Q

Which cranial nerve provides general sensation anterior to sulcus terminalis on the tongue?

A

V

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21
Q

Which cranial nerve provides taste on the tongue?

A

VII

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22
Q

Which cranial nerve provides general sensation and taste posterior to sulcus terminalis of tongue?

A

IX

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23
Q

Which cranial nerve provides taste and motor on tongue?

A

X

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24
Q

Which cranial nerve provides only motor innervation to tongue?

A

XII

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25
Q

The tongue is supported inferiorly by the ____

A

frenulum

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26
Q

_____ is a thin band of connective tissue anchoring the tongue to floor of the mouth

A

lingual frenulum

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27
Q

Embryologically, anterior 2/3 of tongue derived from ____

A

ectoderm

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28
Q

Embryologically, posterior 1/3 of tongue derived from

A

pharynx (mesoderm)

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29
Q

Groove that separates the anterior 2/3 and the posterior 1/3

A

sulcus terminalis

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30
Q

Both the anterior and posterior portion of tongue are covered by ______ epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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31
Q

Which portion of the tongue is keratinized?

A

Anterior 2/3

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32
Q

Which papillae are most numerous; keratinized, short bristles, distributed in parallel rows; Lack taste buds; primarily tactile

A

Filiform papillae

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33
Q

Which papillae are mushroom-shaped, scattered among filiform papillae; Contain taste buds located on dorsal surface

A

Fungiform papillae

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34
Q

Which papillae are located in furrows/ ridges on lateral portion of tongue; Taste buds located laterally on papillae; Associated with salivary glands (von Ebner’s glands) at base of papilla; Rudimentary in humans; contain taste buds in children, degenerate with age

A

Foliate papillae

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35
Q

Ovoid structures in dermal ridges

A

taste buds

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36
Q

Which papillae are associated with von Ebner’s glands?

A

Foliate and circumvallate papillae

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37
Q

Which papillae are in a row of 8-12 large, dome-shaped papillae; Located immediately anterior to sulcus terminalis; Surrounded by moat-like sulcus, containing large #’s of taste buds laterally ~ base; Also associated with salivary glands (von Ebner’s glands) at base of papilla

A

Circumvallate papillae

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38
Q

Where are circumvallate papillae located?

A

Located immediately anterior to sulcus terminalis

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39
Q

Taste buds on the tongue are located on _____

A

papillae

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40
Q

Which papillae lack taste buds?

A

filiform

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41
Q

T/F: Many taste buds degenerate past 45 years of age

A

True

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42
Q

Taste buds are found on what structures?

A

Tongue, Palate, pharynx, and epiglottis

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43
Q

Oval taste buds consist of up to 20-30 spindle-shaped central _____

A

taste cells

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44
Q

Taste cells make up _____

A

taste buds

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45
Q

Taste cells contain _____

A

terminal taste hairs

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46
Q

What cells surround taste hairs?

A

Sustentacular cells and basal cells

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47
Q

What covers taste hairs?

A

glycoprotein coat

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48
Q

What cranial nerves innervate taste buds?

A

VII, IX, and X

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49
Q

T/F: Taste cells continuously lost & replaced; have lifespan of ~ 10 days in most mammals

A

True

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50
Q

T/F: Taste cells associated with myelinated N endings

A

True

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51
Q

What are the 4 basic tastes?

A

Sweet, sour, bitter, and salty

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52
Q

Each taste cell contains receptors for how many tastes?

A

One

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53
Q

T/F: Taste buds contain a mixture of taste cells

A

True

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54
Q

Bitter taste receptors concentrated on ____ papillae

A

circumvallate papillae

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55
Q

Taste associated with circumvallate papillae which detects certain AA’s,

A

umami (savory)

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56
Q

Decreased ability to taste is called

A

hypogeusia

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57
Q

Is there a genetic basis for taste that influences food preferences?

A

Yes

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58
Q

Hereditary condition that causes the total absence of taste buds

A

Type 1 familial dysautonomia

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59
Q

Underlying mucosa of tongue in caudal 1/3 is a mass of ____ tissue

A

lymphoid tissue

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60
Q

Underlying mucosa of tongue in caudal 1/3 is a mass of lymphoid tissue called ______; similar to palatine and pharyngeal tonsils in structure and function

A

Lingual tonsil

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61
Q

Which tonsils are located in a ring that are collectively referred to as Waldeyer’s ring?

A

Lingual, pharyngeal, and palatal tonsils

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62
Q

What are the functions of Waldeyer’s ring?

A

Protect respiratory and digestive tract

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63
Q

extension of posterior free margin of soft palate; Has central core of skeletal Mm; Covered by lining mucosa, with lg #’s of submucosal (palatine) glands; Prevents food from entering nasal cavity during swallowing

A

Uvula

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64
Q

What kind of glands are on the uvula?

A

Submucosal palatine glands

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65
Q

What are the 3 major pairs of salivary glands?

A

Sublingual, submandibular, and parotid

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66
Q

salivary gland almost completely serous; (largest gland, located on cheeks)

A

Parotid

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67
Q

opens within vestibule, opposite upper 2nd molar

A

Parotid duct

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68
Q

salivary gland that is mostly mucous (located below tongue)

A

Sublingual

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69
Q

salivary gland that is mixed (located inferior & medial to ramus of mandible)

A

Submandibular

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70
Q

opens at sublingual caruncle

A

Submandibular duct

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71
Q

Numerous smaller, _______ scattered throughout oral mucosa (lingual, labial, buccal, molar & palatine glands)

A

accessory glands

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72
Q

The secretory unit of the salivary gland is

A

Acinus

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73
Q

Salivary glands are composed of ______ glands

A

compound (branched) tubuloacinar glands

74
Q

_____ cells surround acini—contraction aids in secretion of saliva into ducts

A

Myoepithelial cells

75
Q

Serous acini of mixed glands often in form of

A

serous demilunes

76
Q

What are the 2 types of acini?

A

serous and mucous

77
Q

_____ are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium (secrete HCO3, resorb Cl)

A

Intercalated ducts

78
Q

What kind of epithelium do intercalated ducts possess?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

79
Q

_____Possess basal striations, due to folding of plasma membrane; Function—resorb Na, sec K into saliva; also secrete lysozyme & IgA; Empty into larger excretory ducts

A

Striated ducts

80
Q

What kind of epithelium do striated ducts possess?

A

Simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium

81
Q

What 2 kinds of epithelium do excretory ducts possess?

A

stratified cuboidal or pseudostratified columnar epithelium

82
Q

_____ stimulation inhibits aqueous secretion => thick, viscous saliva, rich in protein

A

Sympathetic

83
Q

______ stimulation => copious, watery saliva

A

Parasympathetic

84
Q

What 5 things does saliva contain?

A

water, glycoproteins, proteins, antibodies, and enzymes

85
Q

____ is an enzyme in saliva that converts starch to sugar

A

amylase

86
Q

____ in an enzyme in saliva that is antibacterial

A

lysozyme

87
Q

The antibodies in saliva include ___ and ____

A

IgA and inorganic ions

88
Q

Is saliva high or low in potassium?

A

High

89
Q

Is saliva high or low in sodium?

A

Low

90
Q

Is saliva high or low in bicarbonate?

A

High

91
Q

What is the average production of saliva in a day for humans?

A

600-1500 mL per day

92
Q

____ are proteins in saliva that cover the teeth

A

acquired pellicle

93
Q

Function of ____ include Moistens oral mucosa & dry food•Provides carrier medium for sense of taste•Buffering via high bicarbonate content•Digestion of carbohydrates via amylase•Immunologic function—secretion of salivary IgA•Control of bacterial flora—•Proteins in saliva cover teeth with acquired pellicle•Contains Ab’s that prevent tooth decay•↓ salivary producKon exacerbates tooth decay

A

saliva

94
Q

Functions of _____: Proteins in saliva cover teeth with acquired pellicle•Contains Ab’s that prevent tooth decay•↓ salivary producKon exacerbates tooth decay

A

bacterial flora

95
Q

Tooth are grossly divided into what 2 parts?

A

root and crown

96
Q

Portion of tooth embedded in bone called

A

tooth root

97
Q

tooth root is in a part of the jaw called

A

alveolar ridge

98
Q

the tooth socket within the alveolar ridge is called

A

alveolus

99
Q

Portion of tooth that projects into oral cavity

A

crown

100
Q

Crown is protected by layer of highly mineralized ____, covers crown

A

enamel

101
Q

____ is a hard, translucent substance, containing < 1% organic material & 96-98% hydroxyapatite

A

Enamel

102
Q

Ectodermal in origin; secreted by tall, columnar ameloblasts of enamel organ

A

Enamel

103
Q

Apical, secretory end of ameloblast forms single, large process

A

Tome’s process

104
Q

Enamel mineralization is non-uniform, resulting in highly calcified ______—roughly hexagonal, ~4-8μm in diameter

A

enamel rods or prisms

105
Q

Enamel rods are Separated by less mineralized _____

A

interprismatic material

106
Q

Enamel rods extend from _____ at enamel surface to ______

A

ameloblasts; dentino-enamel junction

107
Q

Bulk of tooth composed of less mineralized

A

dentine

108
Q

Mesodermal in origin, secreted by odontoblasts of dental papilla Chemically similar to bone, but more mineralized; ~ 70% hydroxyapatite crystals; Also contains Type I collagen & GAG’s

A

dentin

109
Q

dentin is secreted by _____

A

odontoblasts

110
Q

____ contains odontoblasts that secrete dentin

A

dental papilla

111
Q

Dentine arranged in _______—hollow, parallel tubes radiating from pulp cavity

A

dentine tubules

112
Q

long, rod-like cytoplasmic processes of odontoblasts

A

Tome’s fibers

113
Q

Central pulp cavity contains ____

A

support structures including sensory Nn & blood vessels

114
Q

Dentin is innervated by

A

myelinated nerves

115
Q

_____ is mesodermal in origin; resembles primitive mesenchyme; Contains stellate fibroblasts, reticular fibers, collagen, & ground substance; Richly supplied by capillaries from arterioles running with periodontal ligament

A

Dental pulp

116
Q

Dental pulp contains what types of fibers?

A

stellate fibroblasts, reticular fibers, collagen, & ground substance

117
Q

Tooth root is covered by a thin layer of _____ (also mesodermal)—amorphous, collagen-based, calcified tissue~45-50% hydroxyapatite, similar to bone—

A

cementum

118
Q

Cementum is manufactured by

A

cementoblasts

119
Q

Cementoblasts mature into

A

cementocytes

120
Q

Cementum layer anchored to bone of alveolus with fibers of

A

periodontal ligament

121
Q

Periodontal ligament is composed of dense, collageous fibers, called _____

A

Sharpey’s fibers

122
Q

Run at oblique angle, support tooth in socket; allows slight movement of tooth during mastication

A

periodontal ligament

123
Q

occasional clusters of epithelial cells within periodontal ligament

A

vestigial epithelial rests of Malassez

124
Q

Region of tooth between root & crown is

A

neck of tooth

125
Q

Protected by masticatory oral mucosa called _____ ; covers upper portion of alveolar ridge

A

gingiva (= gums)

126
Q

covers upper alveolar bone

A

attached gingiva

127
Q

forms cuff or neck of tooth

A

free gingiva

128
Q

Space between free gingiva and crown

A

gingival sulcus

129
Q

very thin, only 2-3 cells thick, easily breached by bacteria => periodontal disease, gingivitis

A

crevicular epithelium

130
Q

Tissues that surround & support tooth collectively referred to as ______ —include epithelium, cementum, periodontal ligament & alveolar bone

A

periodontium

131
Q

T/F: Teeth are formed between opposing layers of epithelial cells

A

True

132
Q

What 2 layers are teeth formed between?

A

ameloblasts of enamel organ & odontoblasts of dental papilla

133
Q

Enamel is of ______ origin

A

ectodermal

134
Q

Dentine, cementum, pulp, & periodontal ligament are of _____ origin

A

mesodermal

135
Q

6th week of fetal development, a horseshoe-shaped epithelial ridge arises from oral epithelium and Forms ______ in position of future jaws

A

dental lamina

136
Q

T/F: In each quadrant, lamina develops several globular, ectodermal swellings (one for each deciduous tooth)

A

True

137
Q

Superficial half of epithelial cells of dental lamina forms

A

enamel organs

138
Q

Deep half of epithelial cells of dental lamina forms

A

dental papilla

139
Q

Enamel organ initially ___-shaped (cap stage)

A

cup

140
Q

Cells of enamel organ progressively differentiate, become _______, with extracellular matrix of GAG’s

A

stellate reticulum

141
Q

Later forms ____-shaped structure (bellstage)

A

bell

142
Q

Cells lining outer, convex surface of enamel organ become

A

external enamel epithelium

143
Q

Cells lining concave surface of enamel organ form _______ differentiate into tall, columnar ameloblasts

A

internal enamel epithelium

144
Q

enamel formation

A

Amelogenesis

145
Q

Deepto developing enamel organs is _____ that develops into dental papilla

A

primitive mesenchyme;

146
Q

Cells lining convex surface of dental papilla develop into ____

A

odontoblasts

147
Q

Dentin formation

A

dentinogenesis

148
Q

T/F: Development of ameloblasts induces differentiation of odontoblasts,

A

True

149
Q

T/F: calcification of dentine induces deposition of enamel

A

True

150
Q

Tooth formation initiated by deposition of organic _____ by odontoblasts on surface of dental papilla

A

pre-dentine

151
Q

Calcificaiton of dentine matrix secondarily induces ____ production

A

enamel

152
Q

Odontoblasts have _______, embedded in dentine matrix—form _____

A

odontoblast processes; dentine tubules

153
Q

Enamel forms in mineralized columns of _____, separated by less mineralized _____

A

enamel rods; interprismatic material

154
Q

Subsequent to deposit of dentine & enamel, dental lamina _____

A

fragments & atrophies

155
Q

At time of tooth eruption, enamel organ & ameloblasts _____

A

degenerate

156
Q

T/F: Overlying mucosa separates as tooth erupts, exposing crown

A

True

157
Q

Dental papilla shrinks, becomes _____, surrounded by dentine

A

dental pulp

158
Q

After tooth formation is complete, small amounts of ______ continue to be produced, may eventually obliterate pulp cavity

A

2’ dentine

159
Q

Overall shape of ______ determines 3-D shape of tooth crown

A

enamel organ

160
Q

Outer rim of enamel organ known as _____ determines cross-sectional outline of tooth

A

epithelial sheath of Hertwig (= Hertwig’s root sheath)

161
Q

Surrounding mesenchyme forms ______ => periodontal ligament

A

dental follicle

162
Q

Enamel organs of permanent teeth develop as buds from

A

dental lamina & “deciduous” enamel organ

163
Q

In case of molars, dental lamina proliferates ____ to form enamel organs of 2’ dentition

A

caudally

164
Q

In humans, tooth development begins ____ of fetal development—but tooth eruption does not occur until _____ after birth

A

~6th week; 6-30 months

165
Q

______, administered during development of permanent dentition incorporated into enamel => yellow discoloration of teeth

A

Tetracycline

166
Q

modified for cutting & biting

A

Incisors

167
Q

for puncturing & holding

A

Canines

168
Q

generally used for grinding

A

Premolars & molars

169
Q

allows lateral & anterior-posterior motion—important for chewing, grinding

A

TMJ

170
Q

Raised points on occlusal surfaces of molars & premolars known as

A

cusps

171
Q

Flattened posterior surface of lower molars known as

A

talonid

172
Q

Premolars and molars can be low crowned, or____ in omnivores

A

bunodont

173
Q

Premolars and molars can be very tall, high crowned, _____, as in herbivores

A

hypsodont

174
Q

_____ accomplished by osteoblast & osteoclast activity in alveolus

A

Orthodontia

175
Q

results when weak acids in food & drink erode calcified enamel, augmented by bacterial action

A

Dental caries

176
Q

helps harden enamel & kills bacteria

A

Fluoride

177
Q

Caries may extend into dentine or pulp cavity, produce abscesses or death of tooth => ______

A

root canal

178
Q

caused by accumulation of calcified food & bacterial debris (plaque) in gingival sulcus => widening of gingival sulcus, possible inflammation & destruction of periodontal ligament

A

Periodontal disease

179
Q

Inflammation of gums

A

gingivitis

180
Q

Inflammation of periodontal ligament

A

periodontitis

Histology Exam 3 (5 decks)

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