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Anatomy Unit 2 > Oral Cavity Histology > Flashcards

Oral Cavity Histology Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What is an epithelial membrane and what are the 3 types?

A

consists of epithelial tissue bound to underlying CT

  • cutaneous membrane
  • mucous membrane
  • serous membrane
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2
Q

What are the 7 functions of cutaneous membrane?

A

protective, regulate body temp, produce vitamin D, sensory, storage, UV, absorbs certain drugs

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3
Q

What makes up serous membrane?

A

2 layers mesothelium lining internal cavities and organs, produces serous fluids

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4
Q

Oral cavity contents

A

mouth and its structures = tongue, teeth, major and minor salivary glands and tonsils

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5
Q

What are tonsils?

A

lymphatic tissues that form ring around oropharynx

- palatine, pharyngeal and lingual

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6
Q

How does the oral cavity open into the oropharynx?

A

fauces - opening

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7
Q

What is the vestibule?

A
  • between lips and teeth and cheeks and teeth
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8
Q

Borders of oral cavity proper

A

sup = hard and soft palates
inf = tongue and floor of mouth
post = entrance to oropharynx
other borders = teeth

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9
Q

What is the epithelium change at the vermilion border?

A

keratinized stratified squamous of skin to nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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10
Q

What are the lips red?

A

deep penetration of CT

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11
Q

What does the VB lack?

A

oil and sweat glands but has lots of meissner’s corpuscles

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12
Q

What is the primary epithelium of the oral cavity? What does it cover?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

  • has stratum basale, spinous and superficiale
  • covers soft palate, lips, cheeks, inf surface of tongue and floor of mouth
  • part of lining mucosa
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13
Q

What is the special keratinizied stratified squamous epithelium (parakaratinized)?

A

hard palate, gingiva, dorsal of tongue

- part of masticatory mucosa

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14
Q

What is different about parakaratinized epithelium?

A

retain nuclei at sr=urface but cytoplasm doesn’t stain with eosin

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15
Q

What is the difference between lining and masticatory mucosa?

A

lining is thicker

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16
Q

Types of lingual papillae?

A

filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, foliate

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17
Q

Muscle types of the tongue

A

extrinsic - originate outside on bone and insert onto CT of tongue
intrinsic - originate and insert on CT

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18
Q

What is the role of extrinsic mm of tongue?

A

move tongue in various directions

- end in glossus

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19
Q

What is role of intrinsic mm of tongue?

A

alter shape of tongue

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20
Q

What separates ant from post tongue?

A

sulcus terminalis
- ant = body
post = root

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21
Q

What is the small pit that is the non-functional remnant of proximal part of embryonic thyroglossal duct from which thyroid gland developed?

A

foramen cecum

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22
Q

What are filiform papillae?

A

smallest and most numerous in humans

- aid in licking and manipulating food, bent towards pharynx, no taste buds

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23
Q

What are fungiform papillae?

A

mushroom shaped, lightly keratinized, more on tip of tongue, contain taste buds

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24
Q

What are circumvallate papillae?

A

largest and least numerous, ant to sulcus terminals (8-12), contain over half all taste buds

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25
What empties serous fluid into circumvallate papillae?
lingual salivary glands
26
What are foliate papillae?
parallel low ridges separated by deep mucosal clefts on lateral tongue, poorly developed in adult, nonkeratinized, have lingual salivary glands
27
What are the receptors on taste buds? Sensory receptor organ?
chemoreceptors and the organ are taste buds
28
What are the cells of taste buds?
neuroepithelial (sensory, gustatory, taste, or gustatory receptor) cells, supporting cells, basal cells
29
Where are taste buds found?
~10,000 found on lateral walls of circumvallate papillae, dorsal surface of fungiform and epithelium of soft palate, part of pharynx and epiglottis
30
What is the role of the receptor cells?
chemoreceptors, have long microvilli called a gustatory hair that sticks out through taste poor into saliva = receptive region
31
What is wrapped around bottom of receptor cells?
dendrites of afferent/sensory neurons representing beginning of nerve pathway leading to brain
32
What is the role of basal cells?
stem cells for other two
33
What is the constricted area of the gum?
neck
34
Enamel
acellular w/o collagen, 96-98% calcium HA | - contains interlocking rods (enamel rods/prisms)
35
Apical foramen
opening at base of tooth into pulp cavity - allows entrance and exit of vessels, lymphatics and nn
36
What produces the enamel rods?
ameloblast - ectoderm derived | - extend from dentinoenamel junction to surface of enamel
37
What produced dentin?
odontoblasts - line internal pulp cavity and secrete prevention (contains Type I collagen)
38
what are odontoblasts derived from?
NCC
39
Components of pulp
layer of odontoblast, fibroblasts, thin collagen fibrils and grout substance - well innervated
40
What are the structures responsible for mainting teeth in maxillary and mandibular bone?
periodontium - cementum - periodontal ligaments - alveolar bone - gingiva
41
What is the epithelia of gingiva?
keratinized stratified squamous
42
What are the accessory digestive organs?
salivary glands
43
What regulates secretion of salivary glands?
parasympathetic stimulate and sympathetics inhibit
44
What is the secretory portion of salivary glands?
acinus = blind sac composed of secretory cells surrounded by capsule of DTC with septa dividing secretory portions into lobes and lobules
45
What is saliva composed of?
99.5% water, 0.5% solutes, avg 1000ml/day secretion
46
What are the protective and digestive roles of saliva?
moisten oral mucosa, moisten dry foods, dissolve food so they can chemically stimulations taste buds, buffer oral cavity contents (carbonate and posphate), and contain amylase to break down starch
47
Major cell types of salivary glands
serous and mucosa
48
Serous cells characteristics
polarized, protein secreting, pyramidal, secretory granules = zymogen granules, basophilic cytoplasm (RER and ribosomes), round nuclei
49
Mucous cells characteristics
produce hydrophilic glycoprotein mucins, cuboidal/columnar, flattened nuclei at base of cell, secretory granules = mucinogen granules
50
Myoepithelial cells characteristics
in basal lamina of secretory units and initial part of duct system, contract and accelerates secretion, prevent distention when lumen fills
51
Which cells are important for moistening and lubricating function of saliva?
hydrophilic glycoprotein mucins
52
Which cells are lost in routine processing for paraffin embedding - apical portion of cell looks empty
mucinogen granules
53
What is the salivon?
basic unit of salivary gland = composed of acinus, intercalated duct, striated and excretory duct
54
What are the types of secretory acini?
serous acini = serous cells only (spherical) mucous = mucous cells only (tubular) mixed = both serous and mucous
55
Where are serous demilunes found?
sublingual and submandibular glands - fixation methods mucous acini appear to have caps of serous cells - rapid freezing shows this isn't true
56
What are the types of ducts associated with salivary glands?
intercalated ducts, striated, and interlobular of excretory ducts
57
intercalated duct characteristics
from acini, low cuboidal epithelium, highly developed in serous glands (helps modify serous secretions to from final product), poorly developed in mucous glands
58
Striated duct characteristics
stations = infoldings of basal plasma membrane, lined by simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium, highly developed in serous glands (help modify serous secretions), absent in mucous glands -mitochondria align parallel to infoldings
59
Interlobular or Excretory duct characteristics
larger, empty into oral cavity, simple cuboidal to pseudo stratified columnar or stratified columnar, may be nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium as approach oral epithelium
60
What is the largest of the 3 glands?
parotid, extra oral between skin and masseter m
61
What type of acing is the parotid gland?
branched acing, completely serous in humans
62
Where is Stenson's duct?
ant border of parotid gland across massester through buccinator mm into oral cavity opp 2nd maxillary molar
63
What is the tresilian sign?
reddish prominence at orifice of Stenson's duct, noted in mumps
64
Which gland is located under floor of mouth?
submandibular, extra oral | - medial and partly inf to body of mandible
65
Where does submandibular duct empty?
either side of lingual frenulum
66
What type of acinar is submandibular gland?
branched tubuloacinar, mixed gland with mostly serous cells in humans (mucous cells only show up in demilunes)
67
What is the smallest gland?
sublingual gland in floor of mouth, intraoral | - under tongue and superior to submandibular gland
68
Where are the sublingual ducts?
multiple that open into floor of mouth
69
What type of acinar is sublingual gland?
tubuloacinar gland with mixed mostly mucous cells in humans (serous cells only show up as demilunes)
70
What is waldeyer's ring?
lymphatic tissue forming rind around oropharynx, tonsils guard opening of pharynx
71
What type of epithelium covers palatine and pharyngeal tonsils?
stratified squamous which dips into underlying CT forming deep crypts (tonsil crypts)
72
What do walls of TC contain?
lymphatic nodules
73
What do tonsils lack?
afferent lymphatic vessels, but drain from tonsular lymphatic tissue through efferent lymphatic vessels

Anatomy Unit 2 (9 decks)

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