Oral Disease

Question 1

How is herpes simplex virus type 1 acquired?

Answer 1

through salvia contact

Question 2

When is herpes simplex virus type 1 acquired?

Answer 2

childhood

Question 3

What can HSV 1 cause?

Answer 3

primary gingivostomatitis

Question 4

What age does primary gingivostomatitis occur?

Answer 4

pre-school

Question 5

What are the symptoms of primary gingivostomatitis?

Answer 5

often asymptomatic

Question 6

What is the clinical presentation of primary gingivostomatitis?

Answer 6

grouped painful vesicles on an erythematous base that heal without scarring
fever
local lymphadenopathy

Question 7

What is the treatment for primary gingivostomatitis?

Answer 7

aciclovir
fluids
analgesics

Question 8

What is a cold sore?

Answer 8

reactivation of HSV I

Question 9

How is a viral infection confirmed?

Answer 9

swab of lesion in virus transport medium

detection of viral DNA by PCR

Question 10

What causes herpangina?

Answer 10

coxsackie virus - an enterovirus

Question 11

What age group get herpangina?

Answer 11

pre-school children

Question 12

What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

Answer 12

coxsackie virus

Question 13

In what disease are family outbreaks common?

Answer 13

hand, foot and mouth disease

Question 14

What are clinical features of hand, foot and mouth disease?

Answer 14

mildly unwell

vesicles on palms, soles and mouth - cause discomfort until they heal - heal without crusting

Question 15

What are the clinical features of herpangina?

Answer 15

fever 
sore throat 
vesicles or macerated ulcers on palate or uvula which heal over 2 days 
\+/- 
abdominal pain 
nausea

Question 16

What bacteria causes syphilis?

Answer 16

Treponema pallidum

Question 17

What is a chancre?

Answer 17

painless indurated ulcer at site of entry of bacterium Treponema pallidum
most commonly genital but can be oral

Question 18

What are apthous ulcers?

Answer 18

non-viral, self-limiting, recurring, painful ulcers of the mouth that are round or ovoid and have inflammatory halos

Question 19

What systemic diseases are associated with recurrent ulcers?

Answer 19

Behcet's disease 
gluten sensitive enteropathy 
inflammatory bowel disease 
Reiter's disease 
drug reactions 
skin diseases - lichen planus, pemphigus, pemphigoid

Question 20

What is Bechet’s disease?

Answer 20

blood vessel inflammation throughout the body

Question 21

What are the symptoms of Behcet’s disease?

Answer 21

recurrent oral ulcers
genital ulcers
uveitis

Question 22

What are the symptoms of gluten sensitive enteropathy and inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 22

diarrhoea

weight loss

Question 23

What is Reiter’s disease?

Answer 23

reactive arthritis

Question 24

What triggers Reiter’s disease?

Answer 24

infection - particularly those in the urogenital or GI tract

Question 25

What are the symptoms of Reiter’s disease?

Answer 25

conjunctivitis
urethritis
arthritis
occurring after an infection

Question 26

What are the clinical features of a candida albicans infection?

Answer 26

white patches on red, raw mucous membranes in throat/mouth

Question 27

What can cause a candida albicans infection?

Answer 27

post antibiotics
immunosuppressed
smokers
inhaled steroids

Question 28

What is the treatment of candida albicans?

Answer 28

nystatin

fluconazole