Oral Health Flashcards
(32 cards)
ECC trends in Canada?
Tooth decay is most common chronic disease of childhood, tooth decay is leading cause of day surgery for kids, 2/3 of Canadians age 6-11 have tooth decay
Why is oral health important and what can bad oral health be r/t?
Infection at mouth can spread to other parts, oral health is r/t obesity, diabetes, aspiration pneumonia, cognitive function, CVS disease, and preterm/LBW
What is the cause of dental caries?
Bacteria called streptococcus mutans is commonly found in oral cavity and it majorly contributes to dental caries. Bacteria+sugar=acid and acid+tooth=cavity
Demineralization in dental caries?
Dental caries occur in oral environment that favours demineralization. Normal environment has equilibrium between demineralization and remineralization
Pathological factors that contribute to caries vs protective factors against caries?
PF- cariogenic bacteria, subnormal salivary function, diet (lots of sugar or carbs)
PF- salivary flow/components, antibacterials, healthy diet, fluoride/calcium/phosphate
Common sites for decay in mouth?
Smooth surface near gum line, where 2 teeth touch (contact point), pits/fissures, exposed root surfaces, underneath existing fillings, and teeth that hold dentures in place
What do early lesions vs progressing/advanced lesions vs inactive/arrested lesions look like?
EL- white/chalky appearance, seen at gum line or at ortho brackets
PL- light brown, wet appearance, looks mucky, cavitated
IL- dark brown/black, leathery appearance, feel hard with probing
What is periodontal disease?
Inflammation of supporting tissues of the teeth. Causes progressive destruction leading to loss of bone/periodontal ligaments or extension of inflammation from gingiva into the bone/ligament
What does periodontitis increase the risk for?
CVS (can spread to blood and cause problems), diabetes (high blood sugar can lead to caries), respiratory diseases, and adverse pregnancy outcomes (LBW, preterm)
What are some risk factors for ECC?
Decreased fluoride exposure, bad diet (sugar, juice), sleep time routine, bad oral hygiene, previous caries, having oral bacteria, poor family oral health, low socioeconomic status
Does fluoride protect against ECC
Yes. Should have it in our toothpaste or take supplements if needed
Recommendations for dietary habits?
Don’t drink from a bottle all day (it introduces sugar to kid constantly through the day) so drink from a cup.
Does sleeping with a bottle increase risk of ECC?
Yes. Kids should have bottle before they good to sleep but brush their teeth after the bottle
Oral hygiene practices recommended?
Brush their teeth twice a day, brush after consuming sugary beverage, and use toothpaste once older
How does socioeconomic status affect ECC?
There are disparities in dental disease d/t income and access to care. Low income kids suffer twice as much untreated dental disease. FN/INDG communities have higher rates of dental disease D
How does poor family oral health r/t ECC?
Can lead to transmission of bacteria (likes giving a soother to baby that they put in their mouth to “clean off”), parents attitude towards oral hygiene, and caries experience of parents. If parent has high risk of cavities then kids have increased risk
Role of nurse in ECC?
Assess for risk, oral health screening, understand oral health/what dental caries are, and make referrals as necessary
Questions asked in oral health screening?
Medical hx, allergies, when was last dental visit, how often do you brush/floss (under 8 confirm if parents help), do your teeth hurt in bed or when they eat ice cream.
What’s included in the extra oral exam?
Look at general appearance, are there any asymmetries or swelling. Swelling can be in eye/cheek/lips/neck area
Intra oral exam?
Use tongue depressor/pen light to look and observe teeth for: how many there are (record if any are missing), document cavities/dark staining using letter D, record if any fillings with F or broken with B.
Look at soft tissues under tongue and gums. If swelling record with letter A (swelling require immediate intervention by dental provider)
WHat anticipatory guidance can nurses provide?
Info about oral development, oral hygiene, diet/nutrition, fluoride adequacy, oral habits, and injury prevention
Toothbrush recommendations?
Brush twice daily (one in morning and night), use soft bristled brush (change every 2months), and kids up to 8yrs require assistance (or until they can tie their own shoes).
Flossing recommendations?
Floss every day when teeth touch and do it before brushing. Bleeding may occur with first attempt but that’s normal
Toothpaste recommendations for kids over vs under 3 yrs old?
Under- require assistance with brushing, don’t need to use fluoride toothpaste if low risk, if high/moderate risk can use a very tiny amount, no teeth clean gums with warm clothe
Over- require assistance/supervision, use of fluoride dentifrice recommended, use size of pea amount
