Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
(24 cards)
Why do you immunize?
High level of immunity in the general population results in less risk even from unimmunized people
Why should you get the chickenpox vaccine?
Herd immunity, shingles, once you’re immunocompromised chicken can be very serious, chicken pox can be life threatening, and if you get the vaccine it makes chickenpox less severe if you get infected
When do infants get their first vaccines?
2 months so they’re very susceptible to disease/infection before then
Why do we require multiple injection series?
Boosters will boost our immune response so its faster/larger, and create more antibodies when exposed to the antigen the 2nd time
True contraindications to vaccines?
If they have moderate to severe illness currently, or a life threatening allergy
Why give the MMR vaccine at 12 months?
We want to maximize immunity. Mom will give baby antibodies in utero that last supposedly until 12months
What is active and passive immunity?
A- exposure to pathogen triggers antibody production, can be through infection or vaccine
P- protections against infections/reduction in severity can be achieved by person giving their antibodies (like mom breastfeeding)
S+S of a resp disorder head to toe?
CNS: LOC, agitation (b/c they can’t breathe), pain, temperature (have a fever usually)
•CVS: skin colour (cyanosis, pale), increased HR (tachycardia), pulses, cap refill
•RESP: accessory muscle use, restrictions, RR, lung sounds, coughing, SpO2 sats, dip they require O2
•GI/GU: appetite (intake and output), what is UO, abdominal distension (they breathe a lot and swallow air so it causes that)
What is RSV, who’s at risk, and what infections does it cause?
Respiratory syncytial virus. Most common cause of lower RT infections in kids. Leading cause of pneumonia/bronchiolitis in infants (age 2-6months). Children with underlying cardiac/pulmonary disease or who’re immunocompromised are at risk from serious complications
RSV symptoms?
Coughing, rhinorrhea (runny nose), wheezing, irritability, restlessness, low grade fever, nasal flaring, retractions, liver/spleen may be palpable
How to diagnosis RSV?
Identify by completing a nasopharyngeal swab to collect secretions.
RSV managment?
Airway is #1 priority, position/O2/suction as needed, give meds like ventolin or ribavirin (antibiotic to treat RSV), and treat other infections
How to prevent RSV hospitalizations?
Good HH, Palivizumab drug to prevent severe RSV in high risk kids
Covid 19 in kids and which ages have more severe outcomes?
Most kids have mild disease/few experience very severe symptoms. Omicron VOC caused a surge in covid cases in kids which led to increased hospitalizations. Children under 5 experienced higher rate of Covid 19 hospitalizations. Severe outcomes more common in infants <6 months because of their anatomy of their resp systems.
What is multi system inflammatory syndrome?
Only happens in kids where they develop a rare/severe condition called MIS-C as a complication after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Covid 19 symptoms?
Fever, cough, malaise, abdominal pain, nasal congestion/runny nose, diarrhea, loss of taste/smell, sore throat, and headache
Covid vaccine and systemic effects of the vaccine?
Available for kids 6 mos-18 yrs (2-3 doses recommended). Most common SE is local rxn like a sore arm. Systemic effects- fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills.
What are the influenza/parainfluenza? S+S
Common viruses that cause upper/lower RT infections like bronchitis, croup, and pneumonia. Happen during the winter season mostly. There’s no cure but we can manage symtpoms and prevent it with the vaccine. S+S are fever, cough, sore throat, headache, runny nose, SOB, wheezing, and fatigue
What is croup? what age is it common in and S+S
A viral infection that causes swelling the trachea/larynx/bronchi. Most common in 3 month to 4 yrs. S+S: tachypnea, inspiratory stridor, retractions, mucous production, seal like barking cough,
How to treat croup?
Oxygen, medications like epinephrine or corticosteroid to bronchodilate. Sometimes use IV meds in more serious cases
What is pertussis?
Whooping cough. It’s a highly contagious bacterial disease that starts with cold like symptoms (runny nose, cough, fever) and then goes into severe coughing followed by high pitched whooping cough sound/gasp for air. Vomiting after coughing spell can occur.
How to prevent/treat whooping cough?
Prevent with immunization (acellular pertussis vaccine), treat with antibiotics, give nebulizers, O2 therapy, and suction for secretions
What is cystic fibrosis? S+S
Most common genetic disease (autosomal recessive disorder) affecting kids/young adults. There’s no cure right night. Age expectancy is low. In CF the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel is defective/doesnt allow chloride to be reabsorbed into sweat duct cells. Sweat of kids with CF has elevated chloride levels.
S+S: persistent cough with mucous, wheeze, SOB, frequent chest infections, bowel disturbances (oily stool, obstruction), weight loss/failure to gain weight, salty tasting sweat, infertility, difficulty digesting fats/proteins, malnutrition/vitamin deficiencies, lung damage, CF related diabetes, failure to thrive
How to diagnose CF? and treatment?
Use sweat test to measure amount of chloride content present in the sweat.
T- chest PT, physical exercise, antibiotics for infection, supplements to help with digestion/absorption of nutrients
