oral medicine

Question 1

moon facies, buffalo hump
HTN, hypercalcemia

Answer 1

Cushing syndrome

Question 2

hyperpigmentation-bronzing,brown macule

Answer 2

Addison disease

Question 3

potency sequence of bisphosphonates

Answer 3

ETCPARIZ

Question 4

the cannabis plant, THC, Primary effects are pain reduction, seizure alleviation, and altered
perception

Answer 4

Marijuana

Question 5

Marijuana side effects

Answer 5

Tachycardia
Hallucinations,orthostatic hypotension
Chronic bronchitis

Question 6

Opioids

Answer 6

Primary effects are pain reduction, modest sedation, and euphoria
* Abuse can lead to pupil constriction and respiratory depression

Question 7

Cocaine

Answer 7

Blocks the reuptake of dopamine, seratonin, and norepinephrine
* Abuse can lead to tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension, pupil dilation, heart attack or stroke

Question 8

Amphetamines

Answer 8

The primary effects are management of ADHD
Abuse can lead to acute schizophrenia
Causes the release of dopamine stores into the synapse

Question 9

Alcohol CAUSES

Answer 9

gastrointestinal bleeding, cardiac arrhythmia
liver cirrhosis

Question 10

Alcohol

Answer 10

Withdrawal symptoms include delirium tremens
Manage withdrawal with adequate nutrition and rest and benzodiazepine/beta-blocker in gradually decreasing doses

Question 11

preeclampsia

Answer 11

hypertension, proteinuria,edema,blurred vision

Question 12

ABCD drugs for COPD

Answer 12

Anticholinergics
Ipratropium, tiotropium
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
Corticosteroids
Fluticasone (inhaled), prednisone (oral)
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Theophylline

Question 13

ABCD drugs for asthma

Answer 13

Antihistamines* Diphenhydramine, fexofenidine
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists Epinephrine, albuterol, formoterol, salmeterol
Corticosteroids Prednisone, budesonide, fluticasone
Decongestants* Pseudoephedrine
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Montelukast, zafirlukast

Question 14

an exogenous increase in cortisol

Answer 14

20mg hydrocortisone = 5mg prednisone = 0.75mg
dexamethasone

Question 15

grave’s disease

Answer 15

hyperthyroidism

Question 16

symptoms of grave’s disease

Answer 16

Fatigue, nervousness, heat intolerance, weight
loss, tachycardia, exophthalmos, goiter

Question 17

hypothyroidism

Answer 17

iodine deficiency, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 18

wormian bones

Answer 18

hypothyroidism

Question 19

cretnism

Answer 19

in children( hypothyroidism)

Question 20

accelerated tooth eruption

Answer 20

hyperthyroidism

Question 21

Kidney stones, painful bones, abdominal groans,
and psychiatric moans
* Generalized loss of lamina dura
* Salt and pepper
* Elevated alkaline phosphatase levels

Answer 21

hyperparathyroidism

Question 22

BMI Values

Answer 22

• Underweight is <18.5 * Normal is 18.5-24.9
• Overweight is 25-29.9 * Obese is ≥30
• Morbidly obese is ≥40

Question 23

• Surface antigen(HBsAg)
• Surface antibody(anti-HBs)
• Core antibody(anti-HBc)
• IgM antibody(IgM anti-HBc)

Answer 23

infectious
immunity
history, persistent
history, temporary

Question 24

quid

Answer 24

betel leaf package for chewing

Question 25

betel nut oral manifestations

Answer 25

oral lichen planus SCC gingival recession attrition extrinsic staining

Question 26

inhibits TNF-ALPHA, IL-6

Answer 26

Thalidomide

Question 27

proteasome inhibitor

Answer 27

bortezomib

Question 28

punched out RL , Amyloidosis of the tongue

Answer 28

multiple myeloma

Question 29

chronic bronchitis

Answer 29

elevated Hb peripheral edema cyanotic and obese rhonchi, wheezing productive cough more than 3 months inflamed bronchi

Question 30

emphysema

Answer 30

severe dyspnea quite chest older and thin hyperinflation with flattened diaphragm permanent enlargement and destruction of air spaces(alveoli)

Question 31

asthma

Answer 31

swollen lining increase mucus. muscle tightness goblet cell hyperplasia

Question 32

nitrous oxide is used for

Answer 32

dental anxiety gag reflex asthma

Question 33

bisphosphonates

Answer 33

slows tooth movement. impairs bone healing. increase bone density

Question 34

uses of bisphosphonate

Answer 34

MORPHoloGic

Question 35

steps of platelet pathway

Answer 35

adhesion (vWF, GP 1b) activation (thromboxane A2, ADP) aggregation (GP 2b/3a, fibrinogen)