Oral medicine in paediatrics

Question 1

side effects of oral ulceration

Answer 1

pain
reduced oral intake
may not be absorbing enough vitamins/ minerals

Question 2

causes of oral ulceration

Answer 2

infective
- hand mouth and mouth
cosackie, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, EBV, HIV
Immunde disorder- crohns,
Vesiculobullous disoders: bullous or mucous membrane pemphigoid
trauma
inherited or acquired disorders
vitamin deficiencies- iron, B12, folate
neoplastic haematological - anaemia, leukaemia
recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Question 3

what is the most common cause of ulceration in children

Answer 3

recurrent aphthous ulceration

Question 4

3 patterns of recurrent apthous ulceration

Answer 4

minor <10mm
major >10mm
herpetiform > 1-2mm

Question 5

investigations for ulcers

Answer 5

full blood count
haematinics (folate/ B12, ferritin)
coeliac screen

Question 6

what can consider if have low ferritin

Answer 6

3 months of iron supplementation

Question 7

What is PFAPA

Answer 7

periodic
fever
aphthous stomatitis
pharyngitis
adenitis

Question 8

normal onsent of PFAPA

Answer 8

normally below 5 years old

Question 9

when does PFAPA usually resolve

Answer 9

teenage years

Question 10

what is orofacial granulomatosis

Answer 10

uncommon chronic inflammatory disorder

Question 11

what can orofacial granulomatosis be a predictor of

Answer 11

future crohn’s disease

Question 12

OFG clinical presentationn

Answer 12

lip swelling - most common
full thickness gingival swelling
swelling of non labial facia tissues
peri-oral erythema
cobblestone appearance of the buccal bucosa
linear oral ulceration

Question 13

allergies reported with OFG

Answer 13

cinnamon compounds
benzoates

Question 14

what is crohns disease

Answer 14

chronic inflammatory bowel disease

Question 15

bowel symtpoms

Answer 15

diarrhoe
abdominal pain
weight loss

Question 16

OFG diagnosis

Answer 16

often clinical diagnosis

Question 17

what is white sponge naevus

Answer 17

rough folded sponge like lesion affecting any part of the oral mucosa

Question 18

what is lichen planus

Answer 18

unknown aetiology but a variety of factors are implicated

Question 19

what is desquamative gingivitis

Answer 19

desquamation of attached gingiva
full thickness gingivits

Question 20

what is desquamative gingivitis most commonly due to

Answer 20

toothpaste allergy

Question 21

what is leukoedema

Answer 21

faint whiteness of oral mucosa

Question 22

what is leukoplakia

Answer 22

a white patch that can be characterisited clinically or. pathologically as any other disease

Question 23

difference in geographic tongue in adults vs childrem

Answer 23

children - pain
adult - no pain

Question 24

what is kawasaki disease

Answer 24

deep erythema of tongue with small white areas of papillae

Question 25

what age is usually affected by kawasaki disease

Answer 25

normally affects under 5s

Question 26

what is fibroepithelail poly

Answer 26

firm pink lump pedunculated or sessile

Question 27

what is a fibrous epulis

Answer 27

pedunculated or sessile mass

Question 28

what is a pyogenic granuloma

Answer 28

soft deep red/purple swelling often ulcerated prone to recurrence

Question 29

what is a peripheral giant cell granuloma

Answer 29

typically dark red and uclerated usually arise interproximally

Question 30

what is a congential epulis

Answer 30

occurs in neonates affects feeding

Question 31

what is a neurofibroma

Answer 31

solitary or multiple lesions of the skin or oral mucosa

Question 32

2 variants of mucocele

Answer 32

mucous extravasation cyst mucous retention cyst

Question 33

what is a mucocele

Answer 33

bluish, soft transparent cystic swelling commonly found on lower lip

Question 34

what is a ranula

Answer 34

mucocele in the fom - can arise from minor salivary ducts of sublingua/ submnad glande

Question 35

what is a lipoma

Answer 35

benign neoplasm characteristic yellow colour

Question 36

4 major categories of vascular malformations

Answer 36

capillary malformation venous malforamtion lympathic malforamtion arteriovenous malformation

Question 37

capillary malformation

Answer 37

vascular pink or purple stain

Question 38

what is more common cappillary or venous vascular malformation

Answer 38

venous

Question 39

what is sturge weber

Answer 39

congenital neurological and skin condition

Question 40

what is Bohns nodules

Answer 40

gingival cysts

Question 41

what are epstein pearls

Answer 41

small cystic lesions found along the palatal mid line

Question 42

primary herpes symptoms

Answer 42

fever headache malaise oral pain cervical lymphadeonpathy severe oedeamtous marginal gingivitis

Question 43

what is primary varicella zoster virus

Answer 43

chicken pox

Question 44

what is secondary varicella virus

Answer 44

shingles

Question 45

what is epstein barr virus

Answer 45

infectious mononucleosis primary infection: glandular fever

Question 46

oral effect of epstein barr

Answer 46

oral ulceration and petechial haemorrhage(at junction of hard and soft palate)

Question 47

management of candida

Answer 47

antifungal medication

Question 48

what is angualr chelitis

Answer 48

crusted lesions at the corner of the mouth

Question 49

what are natal teeth

Answer 49

teeth present at birth

Question 50

what are neonatal teeth

Answer 50

erupts in first months

Question 51

considerations for natal/neonatal teeth

Answer 51

interfering with feeding? causing trauma? is it an airway risk?