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🤍Special Care > Oral Medicine in the Elderly > Flashcards

Oral Medicine in the Elderly Flashcards

1
Q

What causes haemangioma and where is it commonly seen?

A

A collection of blood vessels forming a lump commonly seen on the inside of lips, edge of the tongue and under the tongue

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2
Q

What is the treatment for haemangioma?

A

Removal in a hospital setting due to risk of bleeding

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3
Q

What is a fibroepithelial polyp?

A

A build up of tissue commonly caused by trauma

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4
Q

What does a fibroepithelial polyp look like

A

An excess lump of mucosa similar to the surrounding mucosa

May be ulcerated due to rubbing against the teeth

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5
Q

What is the treatment for fibroepithelial polyps?

A

The lesion is not a concern however it should be removed before it grows in size

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6
Q

What is black hairy tongue?

A

an overgrowth on the surface of the tongue that can stain

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7
Q

What is the treatment for black hairy tongue?

A

Clean from the midline forwards to prevent pushing the bacteria down the throat

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8
Q

What causes geographic tongue?

A

Erythema migrans

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9
Q

What does geographic tongue look like?

A

Areas of atrophy with white slightly raised snake like margins

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10
Q

What does geographic tongue because sensitivity to?

A

spicy or citrus foods

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11
Q

What causes Atrophic Glossitis?

A

Low Iron Levels

OR

Low Vitamin B12

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12
Q

What does Atrophic Glossitis look like?

A

A really smooth tongue which appears shiny

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13
Q

What is Frictional Keratosis?

A

A white patch caused by trauma and keratinisation

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14
Q

What is speckled leucokplakia?

A

Hyperplastic candidosis where the angles of the mouth appear speckled

It is premalignant and needs to be monitored

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15
Q

What is a risk factor for speckled leucokplakia?

A

Smoking

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16
Q

When do you refer sublingual Keratosis to Oral Medicine

A

When the white lesion crosses the midline of the tongue

17
Q

What is Denture Induced Hyperplasia?

A

A condition caused by the lifting/rubbing of dentures which causes overgrowth of tissues in the mouth

More common in the mandible

18
Q

What is the treatment for Denture Induced Hyperplasia?

A

Remove denture OR ease denture dramatically in that area

Create new denture and surgically remove tissue

19
Q

What bacteria causes Denture stomatitis

A

Candida albicans

20
Q

What is Angular Cheilitis?

A

An infection caused by bacteria or fungi that affects the corners of the mouth

21
Q

What Is xerostomia?

A

drug induced dry mouth

22
Q

What is the treatment of xerostomia?

A
  • Saliva replacements (saliva orthana)
  • Salivary stimulants (chewing gum)
  • Take frequent sips of water to moisten mucosa
23
Q

What medications commonly cause mucosal burns in the elderly?

A
  • aspirin
  • iron tablets
24
Q

What is lichen plans?

A

mucocutaneous disorder affecting the oral mucosa commonly caused by reaction to specific drugs (e.g. NSAIDS, statins and diuretics)

25
Q

What is the function of bisphosphonates?

A

They inhibit osteoclast formation decreasing bone resorption

Bisphosphonates have a high affinity for bone minerals and bind strongly to hydroxyapatite in bone. It persists for a period of time (half life of 10 years)

26
Q

What conditions are treated by bisphosphonates?

A
  • non malignant conditions: osteoporosis, Paget’s disease
  • malignant conditions: myeloma, breast cancer
27
Q

What is MRONJ?

A

a side effect of anti-resorptive drugs that causes exposed sensitive bone that persists for more than 8 week

28
Q

What are risk factors for MRONJ?

A
  • concurrent use of corticosteroids
  • medical conditions affecting bone turnover (e.g. osteoporosis)
  • Malignancy
  • chemotherapy/radiotherapy
  • previous diagnosis of BRONJ
29
Q

What are signs of MRONJ?

A
  • delayed healing following extraction
  • soft tissue infection
  • exposed bone
30
Q

What are symptoms of MRONJ?

A
  • swelling
  • numbness
  • pain
  • altered taste or sensation
  • signs of infection
31
Q

What is indicative of high risk for MRONJ?

A
  • previous diagnosis of MRONJ
  • if the patient is taking anti-resorptive or anti-angiogenic drugs
  • undergoing cancer treatment
  • if patient was/is taking RANKL inhibitor (denosumab) AND steroids
  • if the patient has been taking or has taken bisphosphonates for 5 years or more
32
Q

What is advice given to patients on bisphosphonates?

A
  • regular dental checks
  • maintain good oral hygiene
  • Limit alcohol and smoking
  • report any symptoms of dental pathology (pain, swelling, loose teeth)
33
Q

What is Post herpetic Neuralgia?

A

an area of constant burning on the skin where there previously was shingles

34
Q

What is the treatment for Post Herpetic Neuralgia?

A
  • Antidepressants
  • Gabapentin
  • Carbamazepine
  • topical capsaicin 0.025%

may use antivirals and or steroids

35
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

severe facial pain that feels like an electric shock and lasts for a few seconds

36
Q

What is the treatment for trigeminal neuralgia?

A
  • Carbamazepine
  • Gabapentin
    -Phenytoin

neurectomy

37
Q

What are the features of an ulcer that would indicate referral to oral surgery?

A
  • non healing lesion
  • ulcerated base
  • rolled margins
  • speckled lesion

may not have all of these features together

🤍Special Care (5 decks)

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