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Oral Histology Exam 3 > Oral Mucosa > Flashcards

Oral Mucosa Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the mouth lined by?

A

moist mucous membrane

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2
Q

what is mucous membrane?

A

organ composed of two tissues- epithelium and lamina propria

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3
Q

where does the blood vessels penetrate?

A

lamina propria/submucosa- do not penetrate in epithelium

arise in connective tissue

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4
Q

where are salivary glands?

A

lamina propria or submucosa (main location)- lubricate surface via ducts

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5
Q

how does oral mucosa serve as protection?

A

barrier between outside world and deeper tissue of oral cavity- epithelium>basal lamina
epithelium composed of sheets of cells connected via desmosome- keep things out of underlying tissue
also antimicrobial functions with immune cells more in lamina propria than epithelium. epithelial cells called beta defensins is secreted.

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6
Q

how does the oral mucosa help ingestion?

A

flexibility, moist surface- help us eat or otherwise can’t chew swallow, pass food anterior to posterior

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7
Q

is oral mucosa highly innervated?

A

yes

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8
Q

how does oral mucosa contrast with pulp and pdl

A

capable of more types of sensation

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9
Q

what fibers are in dentin and pulp?

A

c, adelta, abeta fibers- mostly pain

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10
Q

what fibers are in pdl?

A

c and a delta fibers- pain

a beta- proprioceptive

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11
Q

what fibers are in oral mucosa?

A

abeta- touch
adelta and c- pain
adelta and c- thermal
adelta- possible pain

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12
Q

what are the two types of tissue that are always present in oral mucosa?

A

epithelium and connective tissue- lamina propria and sometimes submucosa

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13
Q

what cells are all oral epithelium made of?

A

stratified squamous epithelium
*skin- stratified squamous
lining of blood vessels- endothelium- simple squamous epithelium
lining of stomach- simple columnar

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14
Q

is epithelium self renewing?

A

yes
deep layers= cell division
superficial layers- migrate and mature, surface- sloughed off

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15
Q

what happens with fast turnover?

A

can speed healing but also can make tissue more vulnerable to conditions that affect cell division (chemotherapy and radiotherapy)

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16
Q

turnover times for various epithelia

A

fastest- gut, junctional epithelium, taste buds, cheek, gingiva, skin

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17
Q

what occupies the most volume in epithelium?

A

cells

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18
Q

what cells are most numerous in epithelium

A

keratinocytes

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19
Q

what are the non-keratinocytes and where are they located?

A

melanocytes- pigment cells- make melanin- basal layers
langerhans (dendritic) cells- immune- supra-basal layers
merkel cells- sensory- basal layers
all clear cells

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20
Q

what are clear cells?

A

revealed by lack of cytokeratin staining

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21
Q

what do langerhan cells look like

A

simialr to melanocyte- but in suprabasal layers

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22
Q

what are melanocyte

A

have processes where melanin can be transported out. transferred to keratinocytes- darker skin

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23
Q

what are different oral regions lined by?

A

keratinized epithelium ex. gingva, hard palate

or non- keratinized epithelium ex. alveolar mucosa, buccal mucosa, soft palate

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24
Q

keratinized vs nonkeratinized

A

both: basal layer- cell division
both: prickle layer- appearance due to desmosomes- stratum spinosum
more superficial layers- distinct
granular layer in keratinized and intermediate layer in non-keratinized
keratinized layer in keratinized- no organelles, dehydrated, tougher
superficial layer in non- keratinized- organelles, flexible

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25
what does all epithelial cells have?
keratinocytes- they contain cytokeratins
26
what are cytokeratins
large (30) multigene family of proteins assemble into intermediate filaments, provide cytoskeletal support 2 major groups: type 1: acidic, type 2: basic
27
how are cytokeratins assembled?
central helical core flanked by non-helical ends each cell expresses at least 2 cytokeratins- one of each type assemble into coiled heterodimer ~10k heterodimers- intermediate filament (10nM) coiled dimer assemble again and again until get robust fibers- intermediate filament
28
characteristics of cytokeratins
mechanically tough- provide support- intermediate filaments- strongest cytoskeletal element- resist mechanical force without breaking intracellular component of demosomes (cell-cell junction) and hemidesmosomes (junctions between basal cells and basal lamina)
29
what derives epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EB simplex)
mutations in cytokeratins (basal layer) rare blistering in response to minor trauuma most severe in epidermis but also oral consequences
30
where do characteristic cytokeratins reside?
different epithelial layers and different epithelial tissues
31
is there a complex pattern of cytokeratin expression in gingiva?
yes
32
can cytokeratin expression change with disease state?
yes= 8 and 18 only in junctional epithelium normally but increase in other epithelium during cancer in mouth
33
can mutations in cytokeratin genes produce regionally specific diseases?
yes white sponge nevus- autosomal dominant disorder- mutation in one allele mutation in cytokeratin 4 and 13- helical region affects oral non- keratinized epithelia+ nasal mucosa, esophagus, anogenital region soft white spongy plaques, clinically benigh epithelial thickening, parakeratosis and vacuolization of suprabasal layers
34
functional diff between keratinized and nonkeratinized
keratinized tougher non-keratinized- more flexible keratinized- more impermeable to outside substances
35
what is important for mechanical properties of keratinized vs nonkeratinized epithelia?
different cytokeratin types
36
what are the biochemical properties of cytokeratins in keratinized?
``` promotes aggregation= form tonofibrils permit binding to with fillagrin- keratohyalin granules- in granular layer superficial layers (keratinized)- very flat cells, dehydrated, no organelles, packed with cytokeratin (tonofibril/fillagrin complexes ```
37
what do both non-keratinized and keratinized have in common?
amount of cytokeratin increases in superficial layers
38
what are the biochemical properties of cytokeratins in nonkeratinized?
cytokeratin type does not [promote aggregation, cant complex with fillagrin superficiall layers- cells not as flat or dehydrated, retain nuclei +cytokeratin tonofilaments
39
what accounts for the permeability differences in keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium?
more directly related to other factors instead of type of cytokeratin desmosomes contribute- more numerous in keratinized epithelia membrane coating- intercellular permeability barrier more membrane thickening in keratinized
40
membrane coating granules
membrane-bound organelles, filled with glycolipids 1st appear in upper prickle cell layers released in more superficial layers to coat cell occur in both keratinized and nonkeratinized epithelia and serve as intercellular barrier to aqueous substances differences in chemical composition creates a more effective barrier in keratinized
41
membrane thickening
inner face of keratinocytes in upper layers of both non-keratinized and keratinized epithelium much more pronounced in keratinized epithelium- cornified envelope- 15nm crosslinked protein sheath comprised of loricrin and other proteins instead of phospholipid bilayer differences in membrane thickening produces a effective paracellular permeability barrier in keratinized epithelium
42
what is parakeratinized epithelium-
intermediate variant | ex, inflamed gingiva
43
incomplete keratinization
surface keratin separate from underlying epithelium and fill with fluid
44
hyperkeratinization
occur in hard palate, smokers- surface layer hypertrophic
45
what occupies most volume in lamina propria?
ecm
46
what cells are present in lamina propria
fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, other inflammatory cells
47
what does the ecm composed of?
pgs and gags glycoproteins (fibronectin) collagen 1 and 3 elastin
48
what is the relative amt of type 1: type 3 collagen
greater for less flexible regions of the oral cavity type 1- hard+rigid ct type 3- softer ct
49
what is elastin?
more prominent in oral mucosa than in pulp or pdl | more prominent in lamina propria or of oral mucosa
50
what is at the epithelial connective tissue interface?
basal lamina- tough ct sheath- separate epithelium and lamina propria. it is convoluted- contains epithelial rete pegs, connective tissue papillae papillary layer, reticular layer- deeper layer of lamina propria resist shear forces on interface- facilitate adhesion between epi and lp
51
submucosa
2nd layer of ct present under some regions of oral mucosa contains larger blood vessels and nerves supplying superficial lp glands separates lp from bone and muscle
52
where is there no submucosa?
tongue- lp to muscle | mucoperiosteum- gingiva, hardpalate next to gingiva, rugae region, median raphe- lp-bone
53
lining mucosa
non-keratinized or parakeratinized epithelium buccal and labial mucosa- thick floor of mouth- thin lamina propria- fewer collagen fibers and more elastiic fibers relatively short broad connective tissue papillae submucosa usually present attachment to bone or muscle are loose and flexible clinical implications: incisions more likely to gape and need to be sutured injections less painful*
54
masticatory mucosa
keratinized (or parakeratinized) dense lamina propria more collagen fibers/fewer elastic fibers than lining mucosa many long thin connective tissue papillae submucosa variably present in hard palate, not present in rugae, along midline raphe, adjacent to gingiva clinical implications- incisions don't gape, may not require suturing, injections more painfuk
55
sulcular epithelium
part of free gingiva which faces tooth, generally non-keratinized
56
junctional epithelium
unique function- forms seal with hard tissue of tooth (enamel/cementum) oriented along long axis of tooth 15-30 cells thick at top taper to 3-4 cells thick at bottom straight basement membrane keratin expression- simple epithelium relatively non-differentiated cells, regardless of layer no tonofilaments, desmosomes, no membrane coating granules= highly permeable have 2 basal lamina: external (between je/lamina propria)- typical moelcular components internal (between je and tooth)- integrin and laminin but lacks type 3 and 7 collagen special laminin seal to tooth
57
Odontogenic ameloblast associated protein odam
je expresses a protein initially associated with ameloblasts- consistent with its origin from reduced enamel epithelium not known of function
58
col
interdental space | characterized by junctional epithelium
59
can junctional epithelium regenerate?
yes relatively rapid occurs around dental implants
60
vascular supply of gingiva
superior alveolar and palatine- maxillary inferior alveolar buccal, mental, sublingual- mandibular goes to pdl, interdental; se[ta and oral mucosa into gingiva

Oral Histology Exam 3 (5 decks)

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