Oral Pathology Flashcards Preview

Gastrointestinal > Oral Pathology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Oral Pathology Deck (22)
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1
Q

What are the inflammatory disorders?

A

1) Acute oesophagitis - corrosive chemical ingestion.
Infective in immunocompromised individuals
Eg. Candidiasis, herpes, HIV

2) Chronic Oesophagitis / Reflux Oesophagitos
Relase of stuff from stomach to oesophagus
Low ph gastric content

2
Q

What is reflux oesophagus?

A

Inflammation of oesophagus due to refluxed low ph gastric content

Maybe due to defective sphincter mechanism, abnormal oesophageal motility, increased andominal pressure (pregnancy)

3
Q

What happens histologically in reflux oesophagus?

A

Basal cell hyperplasia. Increased proliferation to compensate for cell desquamatisation in basal zone (100× normal rate)
Accumulation of neutrophils and eosinophils
Lengthening of papillae
Hence higher chances of mistakes

4
Q

What happens in oesophageal ulcer?

A

Discontinuation of the cell surface, bleeding and stricture (blockage). Chronically leads to barrets oesophagus - statified squamous to columnar cells with glandular epithelium (produces mucus) and it is more resistant to acid.

5
Q

What is barrets oesophagus

A

barrets oesophagus - statified squamous to columnar cells with glandular epithelium (produces mucus) and it is more resistant to acid.
This layer of cells is unstable and at a high risk of dysplasia and carcinoma

6
Q

What is allergic oesophagitis?

A

Corrigated/ ridged oesophagus, like a cats trachea
Large numbers of intraepithelial eosinophils
Very resistant to treatment and only works to anti- allergic medications

7
Q

What are the medications for allergic oesophagitis?

A

Anti- allergic medication - steroids/ montelukast, chromoglycate

8
Q

What are benign oesophageal tumours amd their frequency?

A

Rare, squamous papilloma, asymptomatic, HPV related

……

9
Q

What are the various malignant oesophageal tumours?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

10
Q

Aetiology for Sq. Cell carcinoma

A
Vit A, Zn. Deficiency
Tannic acid/ strong tea
Smoking
Alcohol
Tobacco
HPV (infectious - rare)
Oesophagitis
11
Q

What does squamous cell carcinoma do?

A

It causes severe obstruction by reducing the lumen, and dysphagia. Even grows into the adventitia.

12
Q

What do squamous cells produce when they are malignant?

A

Keratin

13
Q

*Pathogenesis of Adenocarcinoma of oesophagus

A

IMP

14
Q

What is the step before invading cancer in adenocarcinoma?

A

High grade dysplasia

15
Q

Does adenocarcinoma produce dysphagia?

A

Yes, obstruction, dysphagia and spread to adventitious tissue

16
Q

*what are the Mechanisms of metastases im oesophageal cancer/ most cancers?

A

1) direct invasion
2) lyphatic permeation
3) vascular invasion

17
Q

What are the clinical presentation of oesophageal carcinoma

A

1) Dysphagia

2) General symptoms -

18
Q

What is the most common oral cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

19
Q

High risk sites in mouth for oc

A

Floor of mouth, tonsils, palate…

20
Q

Aetiology of oc

A

COMMON

Smoking
Alcohol
Tobacco

RARER

HPV

21
Q

Histopathological chamges in oc

A

Whirls, invasive finger like growth….

22
Q

How is the prognosis of SCC?

A

1) tumour diameter
2) depth of invasion
3) pattern of invasion - cohesive vs non-cohesive
4) lymphovascular invasion
5) neural invasion by tumour
6) involvement of sugrical margins
7) metastatic disease
8)