Oral & Pharyngeal Muscles

Question 1

what are 6 major structures in the oral cavity?

Answer 1

• hard palate
• soft palate - contains uvula
• palatoglossal arch
• palatine tonsil
• palatopharyngeal arch
• frenulum

Question 2

what are the 3 floor muscles of the oral cavity? what nerves innervate them?

Answer 2

• anterior belly of digastric - CN V3
• mylohyoid - CN V3
• geniohyoid - CN VII

Question 3

what innervates the stylohyoid?

Answer 3

CN VII

Question 4

what are the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles? what nerves innervate them?

Answer 4

• hyoglossal m. (CN XII)
• styloglossus m. (CN XII)
• palatoglossus m. (CN X)
• genioglossus m. (CN XII)

Question 5

name the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles and the nerves that innervate them

Answer 5

• superior longitudinal m.
• inferior longitudinal m.
• transverse m.
• vertical m.
• all innervated by hypoglossal n. XII

Question 6

name these openings and which nerves penetrate them

Answer 6

• red: incisive foramen (nasopalatine n.)
• blue: greater palatine foramen (greater palatine n.)
• green: lesser palatine foramen (lesser palatine n.)

Question 7

what is the function of the tensor veli muscle? what innervates it?

Answer 7

• tenses soft palate
• helps separate nasal and oral regions
• CN V3

Question 8

what is the function of the levator veli palatini m.? what innervates it?

Answer 8

• elevates soft palate
• helps separate nasal and oral regions
• CN X

Question 9

which 5 muscles act on the palate?

Answer 9

1. tensor veli palatini muscle
2. levator veli palatini muscle
3. uvular muscle
4. palatoglossus muscle
5. palatopharyngeus muscle

Question 10

what is the function of the uvular muscle? what innervates it?

Answer 10

• separates nasal from oral cavity
• CN X

Question 11

what is the function of the palatoglossus muscle? what innervates it?

Answer 11

• pulls tongue superiorly
• CN X

Question 12

what is the function of the palatopharyngeus? what innervates it?

Answer 12

• elevates pharynx and larynx
• CN X

Question 13

what are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

Answer 13

• nasopharynx
• oropharynx
• laryngopharynx

Question 14

name the 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx

Answer 14

• superior pharyngeal constrictors
• middle pharyngeal constrictors
• inferior pharyngeal constrictors

Question 15

name 3 elevator muscles of the pharynx

Answer 15

• salpingopharyngeus
• palatopharyngeus
• stylopharyngeus

Question 16

describe motor innervation of the pharynx

Answer 16

• CN X - all muscles except stylopharyngeus
• CN IX - stylopharyngeus

Question 17

describe sensory innervation of the levels of the pharynx

Answer 17

• nasopharynx (CN V2)
• oropharynx (CN IX)
• laryngopharynx (CN X)
• past laryngopharynx (CN X)

Question 18

describe vascular supply of the pharynx

Answer 18

• ascending pharyngeal a.
• superior thyroid a.
• inferior thyroid a.
• some branches of facial a. and maxillary a.

Question 19

describe how the larynx functions in preventing material from entering the airway

Answer 19

epiglottis lays over the vocal folds during swallowing

Question 20

describe the role of the larynx in phonation

Answer 20

tensing, abducting, adducting vocal folds causes air to vibrate during exhalation

Question 21

describe the role of the larynx in breathing

Answer 21

abducting of vocal cords, glottis open, airway open

Question 22

describe the role of the larynx in the cough reflex

Answer 22

temporary closure of vocal folds to build up air pressure

Question 23

name the 4 cartilage components of the larynx

Answer 23

• thyroid cartilage (adams apple)
• cricoid cartilage (inferior to thyroid cartilage that wraps completely around top of trachea)
• epiglottis
• arytenoid cartilage (posterior to thyroid cartilage, sit anterior to cricoid cartilage)

Question 24

name the 3 ligaments associated with the larynx

Answer 24

• thyrohyoid ligament
• cricothyroid ligament
• vocal ligaments

Question 25

describe innervation of the larynx

Answer 25

vagus n. * superior laryngeal n: * external laryngeal n. (motor - cricothyroideus m.) * internal laryngeal n. (sensory - above vocal cords) * recurrent laryngeal n: * motor - laryngeal mm. * sensory below vocal cords

Question 26

describe vascular supply of the larynx

Answer 26

* superior thyroid a. * s. laryngeal a. * cricothyroid branch * thyrocervical trunk * i. thyroid a. * i. laryngeal a.

Question 27

describe the cricoarytenoid joint

Answer 27

* synovial joint between cartilages * abduct and adduct vocal ligaments

Question 28

what is the function of the cricothyroideus muscle?

Answer 28

* part of the cricothyroid joint (synovial joint) * pulls thyroid cartilage anteriorly increasing tension in vocal ligament * innervated by superior laryngeal n. (CN X)

Question 29

describe innervation of the tongue muscles

Answer 29

* all CN XII exceept palatoglossus m. - CN X

Question 30

describe innervation of the palate muscles

Answer 30

* CN X except tensor veli palatini - CN V3

Question 31

describe pharyngeal muscle innervation

Answer 31

* CN X except stylopharyngeus m. - CN IX

Question 32

describe innervation of the laryngeal muscles

Answer 32

* CN X * all recurrent except cricothyroid m.

Question 33

how can a poorly placed inferior alveolar nerve block result in temporary Bells palsy? are you likely to see all symptoms?

Answer 33

* accidentally hit CN VII in the parotid gland * not likely to see all symptoms because CN VII hitch hikes

Question 34

a patient's tongue deviates to the left. these symptoms suggest a lesion to which cranial nerve? is the lesion on the right or left CN?

Answer 34

* left CN XII * cranial nerves stay ipsilateral, so the tongue will deviate to the same side where the damage is

Question 35

what nerve innervates the orbicularis oris, and what is its function?

Answer 35

* CN VII * pucker lips

Question 36

what are the symptoms of bell's palsy, and what cranial nerve is it associated with?

Answer 36

* weakness or paralysis of muscles on one side of the face * dry eye * loss of taste * sensitivity to sound * associated with CN VII