Oral Quiz- Round 2 & 3

Question 1

optic nerve testing

Answer 1

Visual acuity (Snellen chart), visual field (numbers in 4 quadrants), pupillary light reflex, swinging flashlight test
- sensory portion

Question 2

bilateral simultaneous touch

Answer 2

• ask patient to say “left”, “right”, or “both”; typically test forearms and shins; test assesses whether a patient can attend to stimuli on both sides of the body simultaneously

Question 3

check reflex

Answer 3

• Pt holds limbs against resistance, resistance is suddenly removed, and limb typically moves short distance then is checked and recoils to original position
• Spasticity causes the recoil to be excessive
• With weakness, there is no movement in resistance and no recoil
• Homolateral cerebellar disease excessive movement till no longer possible to move and little or no recoil

Question 4

clonus test

Answer 4

• Quickly move ankle/wrist into dorsiflexion/extension
• Positive: beats into plantarflexion (0-none, 1=<3 sec, 2=3-10 sec, 3=>10 sec)

Question 5

joint position

Answer 5

tell the patient you are going to move a joint. Passively flex or extend the joint (usually elbow or ankle). Maintain a static position before asking the patient to respond. Ask the patient to match the final joint position with the opposite limb or to report the position of the joint. If the patient lacks adequate strength, either position the weak limb and have the patient mirror the position with the strong limb or omit this test. Normal response: no errors

Question 6

modified Ashworth

Answer 6

Tests hypertonicity; velocity dependent, moving pretty quick to elicit tone

Question 7

0 on MA scale

Answer 7

no increase in muscle tone

Question 8

1 on MA scale

Answer 8

slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance at the end range of motion when the affected part is moved in flexion or extension

Question 9

1+ on MA scale

Answer 9

slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch, followed by minimal resistance throughout the remainder (less than half) of the ROM

Question 10

2 on MA scale

Answer 10

more marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM but affected part(s) is easily moved

Question 11

3 on MA scale

Answer 11

considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult

Question 12

4 on MA scale

Answer 12

affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension

Question 13

pendulum test

Answer 13

Measure of spastic hypertonia. Drop relaxed leg from a near-full extension

Question 14

tactile threshold

Answer 14

Select a monofilament for the test. Monofilaments are nylon filaments available in sets of 5 to 10; bending pressure ranges from 0.02 to 40.0 g. Ask the patient, “Say yes if you feel the touch.” Touch the monofilament to the patient’s skin. The monofilament must be applied perpendicular to the skin. Press so that the filament bends, hold the pressure for approximately 1 second, then remove the filament from the patient’s skin. Begin with fingertips or toes; if answers are accurate, assume that proximal tactile thresholds are normal. Normal response is the ability to feel the 6-g filament anywhere on the foot. If testing for diabetic neuropathy, test six sites on the plantar surface of each foot: the pulp of the hallux, and all five metatarsophalangeal joints (Lundy-Ekman)

Question 15

tardieu

Answer 15

spasticity assessment; performed with pt supine and head in midline; measurements take place at 3 velocities (V1, V2, V3); by moving the limb at different velocities, the response to stretch can be more easily gauged since stretch reflex responds differently to velocity

Question 16

tardieu scale velocities

Answer 16

V1- as slow as possible, slower than the natural drop of the limb segment under gravity
V2- speed of limb segment falling under gravity
V3- as fast as possible, faster than the rate of the natural drop of the limb segment under gravity

Question 17

tardieu scoring of 0

Answer 17

no resistance throughout course of the passive movement

Question 18

tardieu scoring of 1

Answer 18

slight resistance throughout the course of passive movement, no clear catch at a precise angle

Question 19

tardieu scoring of 2

Answer 19

clear catch at a precise anlge, interrupting the passive movement followed by release

Question 20

tardieu scoring of 3

Answer 20

fatigable clonus with less than 10 seconds when maintaining the pressure and appearing at the precise angle

Question 21

tardieu scoring of 4

Answer 21

unfatigable clous with more than 10 seconds when maintaining the pressure and appearing at a precise angle

Question 22

tardieu scoring of 5

Answer 22

joint is immoveable

Question 23

stereognosis

Answer 23

• Ability to use light touch, proprioceptive, and movement information to identify an object placed in the hand.
• Have pt close his or her eyes then place a common object in pt’s hand. Ask patient “tell me what this is. You can move the object around in your hand.” Pt should be able to identify object

Question 24

guidance

Answer 24

Learner is physically guided through the task to be learned. Step by step learning, hands on

Question 25

knowledge of results

Answer 25

Terminal feedback about the outcome of the movement in terms of the movement’s goal. Provides temporary effects on the subject’s ability to perform a task. (ex, mile time)

Question 26

knowledge of performance

Answer 26

- Information about the movement characteristics that lead to the performance outcome. Can be verbal or nonverbal, continuous or intermittent. (ex; heart rate, running form)

Question 27

mental practice

Answer 27

- Effective way to enhance learning during times when physical practice is not possible - Neural circuits underlying the motor programs for the movements are actually triggered during mental practice

Question 28

part training

Answer 28

a therapeutic approach where a complex task or movement is broken down into smaller, more manageable components