order Euungulata

Question 1

Order Perissodactyla: way more diverse

Answer 1

mesaxonic foot

Question 2

artiodactyla have

Answer 2

paraxonic feet

Question 3

Morphology of perisso- and artiodactyls

Answer 3

Large	cecum	(perisso’s)	or	rumination	(ruminant	
artiodactyls)	to	digest	cellulose

Question 4

Living Perissodactyls:
Dentition and cranial morphology are
developed in response to

Answer 4

to	herbivorous	feeding	
habits
– Elongate	skulls
– Teeth	usually	lophodont
• Hypsodont in	grazing	types
• Brachydont in	browsers

Question 5

Order Perissodactyla has 3 families

Answer 5

Family Equidae
Family Tapiridae
Family Rhinocerotidae

Question 6

Family Equidae is from

Answer 6

Africa, Middle East, parts of Asia

Question 7

Family Equidae Only the

Answer 7

third digit is functional

Question 8

Family Equidae Most species are highly social

Answer 8

Form	herds	and/or	clans
– Polygynous mating	system
– Social	hierarchy—led	by	dominant	stallion
• Harems	formed	in	some	species
• Bachelor	herds

Question 9

Family Tapiridae is from

Answer 9

• New World tropics and SE Asia

Question 10

Family Tapiridae have 4 toes on? 3 toes on?

Answer 10

front feet

hind feet

Question 11

Family Rhinocerotidae is from

Answer 11

• Africa and SE Asia

Question 12

Family Rhinocerotidae have 3 or 4 toes on? 3 toes on?

Answer 12

front feet

hind feet

Question 13

Family Rhinocerotidae Nasal bones thickened and enlarged to

Answer 13

– Support horn of dermal material

Question 14

Family Rhinocerotidae are • Solitary to social. They are also

Answer 14

• Territorial—use scent marking (dung piles)

Question 15

Family Rhinocerotidae use of horns

Answer 15

in traditional “medicine”

– Facing extinction (especially Asian species)

Question 16

Order Cetartiodactyla has 9 families

Answer 16

Family	Camelidae
Family	Suidae
Family	Tayassuidae
Family	Tragulidae
Family	Antilocapridae
Family	Giraffidae
Family	Cervidae
Family	Bovidae
Family	Hippopotamidae

Question 17

Family Camelidae is from

Answer 17

Old World deserts and South

America

Question 18

Family Camelidae have Distinctive divergence of

metapodials

Answer 18

– Evolved a digitigrade foot

posture

Question 19

Family Suidae is from

Answer 19

• Old World distribution

Question 20

Family Suidae

Typically omnivorous

Answer 20

• Some have bunodont molars

* Large, tusk-like canines (in some)

Question 21

Family Tayassuidae is from

Answer 21

New World

Question 22

Family Tayassuidae have

Answer 22

• Interlocking upper and lower canines

Question 23

Family Tayassuidae

range in tropical forests

Answer 23

• Highly social
• Omnivorous
• Rapid, agile runners

Question 24

Ruminantia includes

Answer 24

giraffes, deer, antelope, sheep, goats,

and cattle

Question 25

In Ruminantia, • Ruminants:

Answer 25

– Chew their cud – Stomachs with three or four chambers – Selenodont molars

Question 26

Family Tragulidae is from

Answer 26

• Tropical Africa and southeast Asia

Question 27

Family Tragulidae no antlers

Answer 27

but upper canines are tusk-like

Question 28

Family Antilocapridae is from

Answer 28

North America

Question 29

Family Antilocapridae Both sexes with horns

Answer 29

– External sheath of horn shed annually

Question 30

Family Antilocapridae • Among fastest cursorial mammals

Answer 30

– Speeds up to 85 kilometers/hour – Extremely good at long-distance running – Speeds of 65 kph for over 10 kilometers

Question 31

``` Family Antilocapridae – Adaptations: • Enlarged • Greater • Greater • Higher concentration ```

Answer 31

* airways * lung surface area * capillary density * of hemoglobin

Question 32

Family Giraffidae is from

Answer 32

• Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 33

Family Giraffidae • Short “horns” covered with fur on parietals

Answer 33

– Ossified cartilage forms ossicones – Never shed – Present on both sexes

Question 34

Family Giraffidae Long neck and limbs

Answer 34

– Not in okapi | – 1st thoracic vert in giraffes is mobile

Question 35

Family Cervidae is from

Answer 35

• New World, Europe, Asia, Northwest Africa

Question 36

Family Cervidae All male members have antlers

Answer 36

– Antlers grow and are shed annually | – Female caribou also have antlers

Question 37

Family Cervidae • Antlers grow from frontal pedicles

Answer 37

• Antler growth under hormonal control | – Triggered by changes in day-length

Question 38

Family Bovidae is from

Answer 38

• Africa, Asia, parts of Europe and North America

Question 39

Family Bovidae • Reached New World in Pleistocene

Answer 39

– Across Bering Strait land bridge

Question 40

Family Bovidae horns can be in males and females

Answer 40

``` – Horns never shed – Keratinized sheath covers bony core – Horns used for ritualized sparring and defense from predators ```

Question 41

Family Hippopotamidae • Skin glands secrete oily, red substance

Answer 41

– Hipposudoric acid and norhipposudoric acid – Protects skin from sun exposure – May have antibiotic properties

Question 42

Family Hippopotamidae is closely related to

Answer 42

cetaceans

Question 43

Family Hippopotamidae • Amphibious lifestyle

Answer 43

``` • Spend much of day in water, and forage on land at night • Profoundly alter their environments – Overgrazing near waterways – Create deep channels and paths ```