Ore Deposits part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Rocks or minerals that are mined, processed and delivered at a profit

A

Ore

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2
Q

Non- valuable minerals in the ore

A

Gangue

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3
Q

Mineralized Rock that is too lean in ore minerals to yield a profit

A

Protore

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4
Q

Non- valuable portion of ore

A

Waste

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5
Q

Concentration of minerals

A

Mineral Deposits

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6
Q

Concentration of minerals which certain elements can be recovered economically

A

Ore Deposit / Orebody

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7
Q

Lowest grade, or quality of mineralized material that qualifies as economically mineable and available in a given deposit

A

Cut-off Grade

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8
Q

Average content of an element in the earth’s crust

A

Clarke of Concentration

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9
Q

Ore formed as the same time as the host rock

A

Syngenetic Ore

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10
Q

Ore formed after the host rock

A

Epigenetic Ore

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11
Q

Ore formed within the earth

A

Hypogene Ore

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12
Q

Ore formed at the earth surface

A

Supergene Ore

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13
Q

Ore formed form either magmas or fluids

A

Primary Ore

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14
Q

Ore formed as a consequence of alteration of pre-existing minerals

A

Secondary Ore

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15
Q

the study of geologic materials used by man to facilitate his task

A

Resource Geology

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16
Q

Any geological material which is of commercial value to human society

A

Economic Geology

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17
Q

Accumulations or concentrations of one or more useful substances, metalliferous or non-metalliferous that are for the most part sparsely distributed in the earth’s outer crust

A

Mineral Deposit

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18
Q

Naturally occurring solids, liquids or gases known or thought to exist in or on the Earth’s crust in concentrations which make extraction economically feasible either at present or sometime in the future

A

Geologic Resource

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19
Q

A subset of a geologic resource; that portion of an identified resource which can be extracted economically using current technology

A

Geologic Reserve

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20
Q

Believed that ores are formed by magmatic differentiation

A

Plutonism

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21
Q

Ores are direct magmatic product or are formed as a products of differentiation

A

Plutonism

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22
Q

They believe in plutonism

A

Magmatists

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23
Q

Pioneer of Plutonism

A

James Hutton

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24
Q

Pioneer of Neptunism

A

Abraham Werner

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25
Believe that ore deposits were formed from sediments in a primival ocean
Neptunism
26
Believe that ores are formed from Sedimentary Process or Underwater
Neptunism
27
They believe in Neptunism
Syngeneticists
28
Rock or mineral that can be mined, processed, and delivered to the market-place or to technology at profit
Ore
29
Rock or Mineral with economic value
Ore
30
Rock with a concentration of metal-rich mineral
Ore
31
Categories of Ore
1. Metallic 2. Non-metallic 3. Metal-bearing minerals 4. Energy 5. Water
32
Opaque, Solid, Shiny, Smooth and Conductive
Metals
33
Properties from Metallic Chemical Bonds
1. Delocalized electrons move from atom to atom easily 2. Electron fluidity creates electrical conductivity
34
________________ moves from atom to atom easily
Delocalized Electrons
35
________________ creates electrical conductivity
Electron Fluidity
36
Property due to crystal structure and bonding
1. May be extremely hard or soft 2. Ductile 3. Malleable
37
3 Categories of Metal
1. Native Metals 2. Precious Metals 3. Base Metals
38
Naturally occurs in pure form
Native Metals
39
Rare and Economically important
Precious Metals
40
Commonly used in industry
Base Metals
41
Process of releasing metal from minerals
Smelting
42
Non metallic Wastes
Slag
43
____________ is made from iron smelted with carbon
Steel
44
An alloy of Cu and Sn
Bronze
45
Cu alloyed with Zn
Brass
46
Geologic Processes for the formation of Ore
1. Magmatic Activity 2. Hydrothermal Alteration 3. Secondary Enrichment 4. Sedimentary Processes 5. Weathering Processes 6. Hydraulic Sorting
47
Most important considerations in formation of ore deposits
1. Source and Character of the ore bearing fluids 2. Source of the ore constituents and how they were obtained in solution 3. Migration of Ore-bearing fluids 4. Manner of Deposition
48
Types of Ore Bearing Fluids
1. Magmatic Fluids 2. Hydrothermal Fluids 3. Meteoric Waters 4. Sea Water 5. Connate Water 6. Metamorphic Fluids
49
A high temperature rock melt of liquid and crystals
Magma
50
Type of Granites
1. I type Granites 2. S type Granites 3. A type Granites 4. M type Granites
51
highest temperature for felsic magma
625 degrees celcius
52
highest temperature for mafic magma
1200 degrees celcius
53
Highest temperature for ultramafic magma
1600 degrees celcius
54
process where a partly crystallized magma is subjected to stress, the fluid fraction is squeezed off from the residual crystalline mush.
Filter Pressing
55
materials is forced into the surrounding rocks, the process is called
Magmatic Injection
56
If ore is present, it is called
magmatic injection deposit
57
Oxides or sulfides dominated magma or magmatic fractions that solidify directly as ore is called
Ore magma
58
formed from continuous cooling, differentiation and crystallization of intermediate to silisic magmas.
Hydrothermal Fluids
59
hot-water solution carrying dissolved mineral substance
Hydrothermal fluids
60
Any water that passed thru & equilibrated with the atmosphere
Meteoric Waters
61
Temperature and consequently solubility of mineral increases as this water percolates down
Meteoric Waters
62
involved in formation of evaporites, phosphorites, submarine exhalatives, Mn nodules & oceanic crust deposits
Sea Water
63
medium of dispersion of dissolved ions, molecules, and suspended particles.
Sea Water
64
“fossil water” trapped in sediments at the time they were deposited
Connate Water
65
sinking of globules of a heavy liquid formed by immiscibility within and from a parent liquid after some differentiation
late-liquid gravitative accumulation
66
residual liquid is squeezed out into the surrounding rocks
magmatic injection
67
the process by which country rock is broken up and removed by the upward movement of magma.
Stoping
68
Type of alteration where rocks turn green
Propylitic Alterations
69
3 minerals in propylitic Alteration
Chlorite, Epidote and Antinoline