org 2 test 2 rxns Flashcards Preview

Question 1

1

grignard reagents with carbonyl

Answer

-mgbr
carbonyl-->alcohol
adds whatever is attached to mgbr

Question 2

2

organolithium with carbonyl

Answer

-culi
carbonyl-->alcohol
adds whatever is attached to culi

Question 3

3

carbonyl with anion of terminal alkyne

Answer

carbonyl-->alcohol
adds alkyne

Question 4

4

carbonyl with cyanohydrin

Answer

HCN
carbonyl-->alcohol
adds c---n

Question 5

5

wittig reaction

Answer

Ph3P-CH2
carbonyl to alkene (R=CH2)

Question 6

6

horner-emmons-wadsworth modification of wittig reaction

Answer

takes off phosphate group
adds internal alkene (where carbonyl group was)

Question 7

7

hydration of carbonyl

Answer

h2o
carbonyl-->alcohol

Question 8

8

hemiacetal formation

Answer

addition of alcohol
catalyzed by acid or base

Question 9

9

acetal formation

Answer

addition of alcohol
catalyzed by acid or base
2 equivalents

Question 10

10

formation of imines

Answer

addition of ammonia and its derivatives
carbonyl--> R=NR'

Question 11

11

formation of enamines

Answer

addition of secondary amines
carbonyl leaves and double bond formed 1 bond away
bond between N and where carbonyl was

Question 12

12

hydrazine and its derivatives

Answer

H2N=NH2
carbonyl--> R=N

Question 13

13

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

Answer

H2CrO4
KMnO4
Ag2O

Question 14

14

metal hydride reduction of carbonyls

Answer

carbonyl-->alcohol
NaBH4 and H2O

Question 15

15

catalytic reduction of carbonyls

Answer

carbonyl--> alcohol
H2 and metal

Question 16

16

reductive amination

Answer

CH3NH2 and reducing agent
carbonyl--> R-NHCH3

Question 17

17

clemmensen reduction

Answer

ZnHg and HCl
removes carbonyl

Question 18

18

wolff-kishner reduction

Answer

H2NNH2
removes carbonyl
N2 and H2O byproduct

Question 19

19

halogenation at alpha carbon of carbonyl

Answer

adds halogen to carbon alpha to carbonyl

Question 20

20

carbonation of grignard reagent

Answer

CO2 and HCl/H2O
MgBr --> COOH
formation of carboxylic acid

Question 21

21

lithium aluminum hydride

Answer

LiAlH4
removes carbonyl from carboxylic acid
leaves alcohol

Question 22

22

fischer esterification

Answer

carboxylic acid + alcohol in presence of acid catalyst
gives ester

Question 23

23

carboxylic acid with diazomethane

Answer

CH2N2
carboxylic acid to methyl ester

Question 24

24

carboxylic acid to acid halide

Answer

SOCl2 or PBr3
replaces OH with halide

Question 25

25

decarboxylation

Answer

heat
removes COOH group

Question 26

26

hydrolysis of an acid chloride

Answer

H2O
removes Cl and adds OH forming carboxylic acid

Question 27

27

hydrolysis of an acid anhydride

Answer

anhydride= RCOOCOR
H2O
breaks apart to form 2 carboxylic acids

Question 28

28

hydrolysis of an ester

Answer

acid or base
forms carboxylate ion and alcohol in base
forms carboxylic acid and alcohol in acid

Question 29

29

hydrolysis of an amide

Answer

acid or base
forms ammonium ion and carboxylic acid in acid
forms amine and carboxylate ion in base

Question 30

30

hydrolysis of a nitrile

Answer

acid or base
forms carboxylic acid and amide-->ammonium ion in acid
forms carboxylate ion and amide--> ammonium ion in base

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

org 2 test 2 rxns Flashcards Preview

Organic Chem > org 2 test 2 rxns > Flashcards

grignard reagents with carbonyl

-mgbrcarbonyl-->alcoholadds whatever is attached to mgbr

organolithium with carbonyl

-culicarbonyl-->alcoholadds whatever is attached to culi

carbonyl with anion of terminal alkyne

carbonyl-->alcoholadds alkyne

carbonyl with cyanohydrin

HCNcarbonyl-->alcoholadds c---n

wittig reaction

Ph3P-CH2carbonyl to alkene (R=CH2)

horner-emmons-wadsworth modification of wittig reaction

takes off phosphate groupadds internal alkene (where carbonyl group was)

hydration of carbonyl

h2ocarbonyl-->alcohol

hemiacetal formation

addition of alcoholcatalyzed by acid or base

acetal formation

addition of alcoholcatalyzed by acid or base2 equivalents

formation of imines

addition of ammonia and its derivativescarbonyl--> R=NR'

formation of enamines

addition of secondary aminescarbonyl leaves and double bond formed 1 bond awaybond between N and where carbonyl was

hydrazine and its derivatives

H2N=NH2carbonyl--> R=N

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

H2CrO4KMnO4Ag2O

metal hydride reduction of carbonyls

carbonyl-->alcoholNaBH4 and H2O

catalytic reduction of carbonyls

carbonyl--> alcoholH2 and metal