Organelles

Question 1

Cell Membrane

Answer 1

Made of two layers (known as phospholipid bilayer), controls what goes in and out of the cell.

Question 2

Cytoskeleton

Answer 2

Structure is threadlike fibers made of proteins. They give the cell shape, can move organelles around, and provide structural support for animal cells (who don’t have a cell wall)

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

It’s a jelly-like substance, mainly made up of water. Holds everything in place

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Contains genetic material (DNA), surrounded by a nuclear envelope/Membrane with pores that control what goes in and out. Protects the DNA that controls the activities of the cell.

Question 5

Nucleolus

Answer 5

Inside of the nucleus. Makes rRNA which make up ribosomes.

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

Made of proteins and rRNA, located in the rough ER and floating in cytoplasm. Make proteins.

Question 7

Rough ER

Answer 7

Has ribosomes on surface, hugs the nucleus. Helps make proteins, and packages them for secretion

Question 8

Smooth ER

Answer 8

No ribosomes on surface, attached to rough ER. Make lipids (membrane)

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

Folded membrane. Gets vesicles of proteins from the ER, vesicles: like mini-carts that transport proteins around the cell, processes, sorts, and ships proteins where needed.

Question 10

Lysosomes

Answer 10

Contain enzymes. Break down dead stuff (food bacteria, old parts of cell, etc.), can do programmed death (apoptosis).

Question 11

Vacuoles

Answer 11

Small and numerous in animal cells, one large central one in plant cells. Store things like water, nutrients, waste ,etc.

Question 12

Centrioles, centrosomes

Answer 12

Made up of two microtubules, 2 centrioles together= centrosome. Appear during cell division, and help cell divide by pulling chromosomes apart.

Question 13

Cilia and flagella

Answer 13

Cilia: shorter, more numerous, like tiny oars, smaller projections that are short and numerous but don’t move are called microvilli. Flagella: Longer, fewer (1-3)

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

Two parts: inner membrane and matrix (fluid part). Where cellular respiration happens, breaks down food to release energy as ATP, “powerhouse of the cell”

Question 15

Chloroplast

Answer 15

Two parts: grana (stacks) and stroma (fluid). Where photosynthesis happens, converts energy from sun to energy in sugar

Question 16

Cell wall

Answer 16

Made of cellulose (in plants), chitin (in fungi), and peptidoglycan (in bacteria). It protects and maintains shape

Question 17

Central Vacuole

Answer 17

1 massive Central structure, storage center