Flashcards in Organelles Deck (34)
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1
What is chromatin?
Genetic material made up of DNA and proteins
2
What are the 2 types of chromatin?
Heterochromatin and Euchromatin
3
What type of chromatin is used for gene expression and why?
Euchromatin as the DNA is not tightly wound so it is easy for transcription to occur
4
Why can't heterochromatin be involved in gene expression?
The DNA is tightly wrapped around proteins to form solenoids
5
What are the features of a prokaryotic cell?
No nucleus, cell wall, lacks most organelles, reactions take place in one compartment as there are no internal membranes
6
What are the functions of the plasmalemma? (5)
Allows for endocytosis and exocytosis
Intercellular adhesion
Signal transduction
Recognition
Selective permeability
7
What are the 2 faces of the Golgi called?
The Formed/Cis face (where proteins are received) and the Budding/Trans face (where proteins are secreted)
8
What is the function of the Golgi?
Modifies, sorts and packages proteins
9
What are lysosomes?
Vesicles generated by the Golgi containing hydrolytic enzymes
10
What is the cell coat of lysosomes made up of?
Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides which stop the lysosome digesting everything
11
What is the cell coat of a lysosome called?
Glycocalyx
12
What are peroxisomes?
Vesicles that detoxify compounds using catalase to oxidise toxic molecules
13
Where are peroxisomes most commonly found?
Liver and Kidney
14
What are the 3 types of filaments in the cytoskeleton?
Actin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules
15
What are microtubules made up of?
Tubulin
16
Where are microtubules found?
Where structures move e.g. Cilia, flagella and mitotic spindle
17
Which is the biggest filament in the cytoskeleton?
Microtubules
18
What is the mitochondria the site of?
ATP/energy production
19
From whom do you inherit your mitochondria?
Mother
20
What do mitochondria contain?
They're own genome, enzymes for oxidative reaction and ribosomes
21
What is a secondary lysosome?
A lysosome that has already fused with a bacteria and contains its residue
22
What is the function of the SER?
Lipid production
23
What is the function of the RER?
The ribosome on the outside is where mRNA is translated.
24
What is the difference in shape between the RER and the SER?
The RER compromises of flat cisterna whereas the SER is tubular not flat
25
What is an amphipathic molecule?
One which has polar and non polar parts
26
What is the structure of a phospholipid molecule?
Polar, hydrophilic head and a non polar, hydrophobic fatty acid tail
27
Why is it useful for eucaryotic cells to be compartmentalised?
So that reactions don't interfere with each other meaning that many reactions can occur
28
What is the hydrophilic part of a phospholipid molecule and what is the hydrophobic part?
Hydrophilic=polar head
Hydrophobic = nonpolar, fatty acid tail
29
What is the word that means lipid production?
Steriodogenesis
30
