Organelles

Question 1

Ribosomes

Answer 1

• small units that are not surrounded by a membrane and have two units
• SITES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Question 2

Where are Ribosomes found?

Answer 2

• floating freely in cytosol
• bound to membrane of other organelles
• bound to nucleus

Question 3

Peroxisomes

Answer 3

• contain enzymes chemicals produced by cellular reactions
• metabolize fatty acids
• synthesize phospholipids

Question 4

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 4

• membrane enclosed sac that is studded with ribosomes.

- protein synthesis and modifies proteins made by ribosomes

Question 5

Smooth ER

Answer 5

• lacks ribosomes

- lipid synthesis and detoxification reactions

Question 6

Where does Golgi Apparatus receive proteins from?

Answer 6

Rough ER

Question 7

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 7

Flattened sacs

-processes, modifies and sort products from vesicles sent by RER.

Question 8

Lysosomes

Answer 8

-contain digestive enzymes that break down particles brought into the cells, old and worn out organelles or the cell itself

Question 9

Centrioles

Answer 9

• composed of microtubules

- located in the centrosome

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

• directs the synthesis of proteins

- surrounded by the nuclear envelope which contains nuclear pores

Question 11

Chromatin is and its contains?

Answer 11

• found within the nucleus

- a ball like mass of tightly coiled DNA and proteins, RNA and a nucleolus

Question 12

Nuclear envelope

Answer 12

-double layer membrane that contains the nucleus

Question 13

Nucleolus

Answer 13

• found within the chromatin which is in the nucleus

- contains Ribosomal RNA and site of ribosome synthesis

Question 14

Phagocytes

Answer 14

immune cells

Question 15

Diffusion

Answer 15

movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to low concentration

• passive process
• no energy required

Question 16

Where does energy come from in difussion

Answer 16

concentration gradient

Question 17

What increases rate of diffusion

Answer 17

• temperature
• particle size
• concentration gradient

Question 18

Passive Transport

Answer 18

• Diffusion

- facilitated diffusion (carrier transport)

Question 19

Active Transport

Answer 19

ATP Pumps

Question 20

Osmosis

Answer 20

movement of solvent (water) from area of high solvent concentration to low solvent concentration

Question 21

Hypotonic

Answer 21

Lower solute concentration than the cytosol

Question 22

Cell Crenation

Answer 22

cell shrinks due to being placed in a hypertonic solution

Question 23

Cell Lysis

Answer 23

cell swells and bursts when placed in hypotonic solution

Question 24

Isotonic

Answer 24

same solute concentration on both sides of the membrane

Question 25

4 Stages of Mitosis

Answer 25

1. Prophase 2. MetaPhase 3. Anaphase

Question 26

Cell Cycle - 4 Phases

Answer 26

G1, S phase, G2 and M phase (mitosis)

Question 27

G1

Answer 27

growth phase

Question 28

G2

Answer 28

second growth phase

Question 29

S phase

Answer 29

DNA replication

Question 30

Interphase consists of

Answer 30

G1, S and G2 phases

Question 31

Prophase

Answer 31

- Nuclear envelope disintegrates - DNA condenses - mitotic spindle forms

Question 32

Metaphase

Answer 32

Chromosomes line up at metaphase plate | -Spindle fibers (microtubules) attach to the chromosomes

Question 33

Anaphase

Answer 33

The Chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles

Question 34

In which phase does cytokinesis begin?

Answer 34

Anaphase

Question 35

Telophase

Answer 35

- cleavage furrow pinches the cell into two identical daughter cells - nuclear envelope reappears - mitotic spindle becomes less visible - cytokinesis completed