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Sciene Chem > organic chemical analysis 7 > Flashcards

organic chemical analysis 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what is crude oil

A

a fossil fuel formed millions of years ago from the decay of dead sea creatures. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

what are features of Alkanes

A

fully saturated
ends in ANE
c has 4 single bounds

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3
Q

general formula of Alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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4
Q

first 5 alkanes

A 
Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
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5
Q

what are the properties of short chain hydrocarbons

A 
small molecules
low boiling point
high volatility
low viscosity
high flamability
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6
Q

what are the properties of long chain hydrocarbons

A 
large molecules
high boiling point
low volatility
high viscosity
low flammability
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7
Q

what is viscosity

A

how easily it flows

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8
Q

What is a fraction

A

a set of hydrocarbon molecules of similar size and boiling point

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9
Q

what is the processes of a fractionating column

A

Tower is hot at bottom,
all gases condense at different temperatures
The different fractions are collected as liquids at different temps
Smaller molecules have low boiling points and are collected at the top

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10
Q

what is produced in combustion

A

carbon dioxide + water

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11
Q

what is produced in incomplete combustion

A

carbon + carbon monoxide + water

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12
Q

what does oxidised mean

A

adding oxygen to produce an oxide

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13
Q

what is catalytic cracking

A

heat to vaporise at a low pressure
go over catalytic cracker to crack the hydrocarbons
goes into the distillation tower

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14
Q

What are the features of Alkenes

A

double bound
unsaturated
reactive

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15
Q

General formula of Alkenes

A

CnH2n

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16
Q

what is produced when a long alkane is cracked

A

short alkane + alkenes

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17
Q

Definition of pure

A

a pure substance is one that is made up of just one substance. That substance can be either an element or a compound

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18
Q

Melting and boiling points of a pure substance

A

specific temps(fixed points)

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19
Q

Melting and boiling point of an impure substance

A

do not have sharp melting and boiling points

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20
Q

What are formulations

A

are mixtures designed to produce a useful product

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21
Q

What is chromatography

A

used to separate substances in a mixture when all substances are soluble in the same solvent

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22
Q

How to measure Retention Factor

A

Distance moved by sample/distance moved by solvent

23
Q

how to test for hydrogen

A

squeaky pop

24
Q

how to test for oxygen

A

relight blow out splint

25
Q

how to test for chlorine

A

litness paper bleaches

26
Q

metal + acid makes

A

metal salt + hydrogen

27
Q

hydrogen peroxide reacted by magnesium oxide makes

A

water + oxygen

28
Q

metal carbonate + acid makes

A

metal salt + water + carbon dioxide

29
Q

what is the flame test

A

test for various metal ions by heating your substance and seeing whether it burns with a distinctive colour flame

30
Q

flame color of Lithium

A

crimsom

31
Q

flame color of Sodium

A

yellow

32
Q

flame color of Potassium

A

lilac

33
Q

flame color of Calcium

A

orange-red

34
Q

flame color of Copper

A

green

35
Q

flame test proccess

A

clean a wire loop by dipping it in a dilute HCL and hold it over a blue flame

Dip the loop into the sample and record the color of the flame

You use the color to identify the ions

It only works on samples that contain a single metal ion

36
Q

what is the colored precipitate test

A

adding a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution to a solution of the mystery compound to form a insoluble hydroxide

37
Q

why does the colored precipitate test work

A

many metal hydroxides are insoluble and precipitate out of solution when formed.

38
Q

color of copper precipitate in the colored precipitate test

A

blue

39
Q

color of Iron 2 plus precipitate in the colored precipitate test

A

green

40
Q

color of iron 3 plus precipitate in the colored precipitate test

A

brown

41
Q

color of aluminium precipitate in the colored precipitate test

A

white

42
Q

color of magnesium precipitate in the colored precipitate test

A

white

43
Q

ionic equation of the colored precipitate test on calcium

A

Ca 2 plus + 2OH minus = Ca(OH)2

44
Q

ionic equation of the colored precipitate test on calcium

A

Ca 2 plus + 2OH minus = Ca(OH)2

45
Q

how do you know if sulfate ions are produced

A

white precipitate

46
Q

how do you know if carbonate ions are produced

A

CO2 produced/limewater turns cloudy

47
Q

how do you know if halide ions are present for
Iodide
Bromide
Chloride

A

yellow
cream
white

48
Q

what and how does flame emission spectroscopy work

A

finds out what ions are present from there wavelengths

a sample is placed in a flame. As the ions heat up their electrons become excited. When the electrons drop back to their original levels they transfer light as energy. This passes through a spectroscope which can detect different wavelengths of light to produce a line spectrum

49
Q

how does flame emission spectroscopy determine the ions present

A

combinations of wavelength emitted by an ion depends on it’s charge and it’s electron arrangement.
Each ion has a different wavelength.

50
Q

what does the intensity of flame emission spectroscopy show

A

indicates the concentration of that ion

51
Q

flame emission spectroscopy for mixtures what does it show

A

can be used to show more than one ion present

52
Q

advantages of instrumental analysis

A 
time saving
more accurate
sensitive
fast
small
53
Q

disadvantages of instrumental analysis

A

expensive

needs training

54
Q

disadvantage of non instrumental

A

large
less accurate
less sensitive
larger sample needed

Sciene Chem (14 decks)

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