organic chemistry polymers, alcohols, carboxylic, conensation and addition, naturally occurring polymers

Question 1

what is a functional group

Answer 1

part of a molecule responsible for its chemical reaction

Question 2

what do polymers make

Answer 2

plastic (alkenes)

Question 3

what is additional polmerisation

Answer 3

lots of unsaturated monomer molecules can open up their double bonds and join together to form polymer chains

Question 4

steps to draw a repeating unit

Answer 4

start by drawing two alkene carbons
replace the double bond with single
add extra single bond to each carbon
stick a pair of brackets around
put an n next to it to show there are lots

Question 5

steps to get from polymer back to monomer

Answer 5

reverse from a repeating unit

Question 6

what is a homologous series

Answer 6

series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with successive members increasing by CH2

Question 7

why are carboxylic weak acids

Answer 7

when they dissolve they ionise and release H plus ions resulting in an acidic solution

because they partially dissociate they just form weak ions

Question 8

what is condensation polymerisation

Answer 8

monomers react together and bonds form between the, for each bond made a small molecule is lost like water

Question 9

differences between condensation and addition

Answer 9

Addition condensation

only one product polymer and small molecule

Question 10

what are sugers

Answer 10

are small molecules that contain carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Question 11

what is DNA made of

Answer 11

two polymer chains of monomers called nucleotides

Question 12

what is DNA

Answer 12

deoxyribonucleic acid

contains genetic information that allows the organism to develop

Question 13

what is an amino acid made of

Answer 13

a amino group

acidic carboxyl group

Question 14

what polymers do amino acids form

Answer 14

polypeptides called proteins

Question 15

what happens when a group of amino acids react

Answer 15

they form water with every new bond

Question 16

what are proteins made of

Answer 16

long chain polypeptides

Question 17

what is a polymer

Answer 17

a chain made from many monomers

Question 18

what is a monomer

Answer 18

single molecule that is the starting material for a polymer

Question 19

what are thermosetting polymers

Answer 19

strong cross links are convalent bonds

Question 20

what are thermosoftening polymers

Answer 20

weak intermolecular forces between the polymer chains

Question 21

what are the properties of low density polyethene

Answer 21

have side branches
weaker
not crystalline
lower melting point

Question 22

what are the properties of high density polyethene

Answer 22

no side branches
stronger, higher melting point
crystalline strucure

Question 23

what is a dipeptide

Answer 23

2 amino acids

Question 24

what is a monosacharide

Answer 24

are simply sugar monomers that can be joined to make polysacharide polymers

Question 25

what is a polysacharide

Answer 25

2 or more monosacharides joined together to form long chain polysacharides

Question 26

what happens when starch and cellulose form

Answer 26

water is given off so it is condensation polymerisation

Question 27

what 3 components do nucleotide contain

Answer 27

phosphate pentose sugar organic base

Question 28

what bases join together

Answer 28

c and g | a and t

Question 29

how are the name of polymers made

Answer 29

stick poly in front of the monomer name

Question 30

metal + carboxylic acid =

Answer 30

hydrogen + salt

Question 31

carbonate + carboxylic acid =

Answer 31

carbon dioxide + salt + water

Question 32

alcohol + carboxylic acid =

Answer 32

______yl + ______oate + water | alcohol first carboxylic last

Question 33

alcohol + sodium =

Answer 33

salt + hydrogen

Question 34

alcohol + oxygen =

Answer 34

carbon dioxide + water

Question 35

alcohol + oxidising agents =

Answer 35

water + carboxylic acid

Question 36

alkene + oxygen =

Answer 36

water + carbon dioxide

Question 37

alkene + steam =

Answer 37

alcohol

Question 38

alkene + hydrogen =

Answer 38

alkane

Question 39

alkene + halogen

Answer 39

Di_________ane | halogen first alkene last

Question 40

how do alkenes and hydrogen react

Answer 40

60 degrees using nickel catalyst

Question 41

what happens when alkenes combust

Answer 41

smoky yellow flame due to incomplete combustion.

Question 42

what kind of reaction is an alkene and steam

Answer 42

reversible reaction

Question 43

what kind of reaction is an ester

Answer 43

reversible, catalyst needed

Question 44

what is fermentation and what is need for it to work

Answer 44

37 degrees glucose + carbon dioxide