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Higher Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are some chemicals used to distinguish an aldehyde from a ketone?

A

Tollens reagent
Fehilinhs solution
Benedicts solution
Acidified Pottassium Dichromate

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2
Q

What colour change occurs when tollens reagent reacts with an aldehyde?

A

Silver mirror

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3
Q

What colour change occurs if Fehilings solution reacts with an aldehyde?

A

Blue to red

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4
Q

What colour change occurs if benedicts reacts with an aldehyde?

A

Blue to red

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5
Q

What colour change happens when Acidfied Pottassium Dichromate reacts with an aldehyde?

A

Orange to green

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6
Q

Does tollens reagent react with ketones?

A

No

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7
Q

Does tollens reagent react with aldehydes?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Does Fehilings solution react with aldehydes?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Does Fehilings solution react with ketones?

A

No

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10
Q

Does benedicts solution react with ketones?

A

No

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11
Q

Does benedicts solution react with aldehydes?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Does Acidfied Pottassium Dichromate react with ketones?

A

No

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13
Q

Does Acidfied Pottassium Dichromate react with aldehydes?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Is carbon dioxide symetical?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What reaction happens when a vegetable oil turns into a vegetable fat?

A

Hydrogenation

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16
Q

Can primary alcohols be oxidised?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What are primary alcohols oxidised into?

A

Aldehydes

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18
Q

Can aldehydes be oxidised?

A

Yes

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19
Q

What are aldehydes oxidised into?

A

Carboxylic acids

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20
Q

Can secondary alcohols be oxidised?

A

Yes

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21
Q

What are secondary alcohols oxidised into?

A

Ketones

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22
Q

Can ketones be oxidised?

A

No

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23
Q

Can tertiary alcohols be oxidised?

A

No

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24
Q

What is the molecular formula of isoprene?

A

C5H8

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25
Q

What does meth mean?

A

1

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26
Q

What does eth mean?

A

2

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27
Q

What does prop mean?

A

3

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28
Q

What does but mean?

A

4

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29
Q

What does pent mean?

A

5

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30
Q

What does hex mean?

A

6

31
Q

What does hept mean?

A

7

32
Q

What does Oct mean?

A

8

33
Q

What are isomers?

A

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formulas but different structural formulas.

34
Q

Are hydrocarbons polar?

A

No

35
Q

What intermolecular forces do hydrocarbons contain?

A

London Dispersion Forces

36
Q

Are alkanes saturated?

A

Yes

37
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+1

38
Q

What does saturated mean?

A

Only single carbon - carbon bonds

39
Q

Are alkenes saturated?

A

No

40
Q

What does unsaturated mean?

A

Contains a carbon - carbon double bond.

Can undergo addition reactions

41
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

42
Q

Are alkanes unsaturated?

A

No

43
Q

Are alkenes unsaturated?

A

Yes

44
Q

What functional groups do alkanols have?

A

Hydroxyl group

45
Q

Are alkanols soluble in water?

A

Yes

46
Q

How does increasing the molecular size of alkanols affect their solubility?

A

As size increases solubility in water decreases

47
Q

What is a primary alcohol?

A

When the carbon bonded to the o-h group is bonded to one other carbon

48
Q

What is a secondary alcohol?

A

When the carbon bonded to the o-h group is bonded to two other carbons

49
Q

What is a tertiary alcohol?

A

When the carbon bonded to the o-h group is bonded to three other carbons

50
Q

What is a diol?

A

An alcohol with two hydroxyl groups

51
Q

What is a triol?

A

An alcohol with three hydroxyl groups

52
Q

What is a trihydric acid?

A

An alcohol with 3 hydroxyl groups

53
Q

What is Glycerols systematic name?

A

Propan-1,2,3-triol

54
Q

What functional group do carboxylic acids have?

A

Carboxyl group

55
Q

Can carboxylic acids be neutralised with bases?

A

Yes

56
Q

What are bases?

A

Metal oxidises
Metal hydroxides
Metal carbonates

57
Q

What functional groups do aldehydes contain?

A

Carbonyl group

58
Q

What functional groups do ketones contain?

A

Carbonyl

59
Q

How are esters formed?

A

Esters are formed from the condensation reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids.

60
Q

What are fats and oils?

A

Esters

61
Q

Do fats or oils have higher melting points?

A

Fats

62
Q

What is produced by the hydrolysis of a fat or oil?

A

3 moles of carboxylic acid to one mole of alcohol

63
Q

Are oils more unsaturated than fats ?

A

Yes

64
Q

What are soaps made from?

A

The alkaline hydrolysis of fats and oils

65
Q

Soaps head is?

A

Ionic and hydrophilic

66
Q

Soaps tail is?

A

Hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain that dissolves in oil

67
Q

Are proteins polymers?

A

Yes

68
Q

What are polymers?

A

Made up of smaller monomers

69
Q

What monomers are proteins made up of?

A

Amino acids

70
Q

What functional groups do amino acids contain?

A

Amino group

Carboxyl group

71
Q

Proteins are broken up in a digestion process called…

A

Hydrolysis

72
Q

What are terpenes?

A

Common compounds found in essential oils, based on units of isoprene joined together

73
Q

How do you find the number of isoprene units in a terpene?

A

Count the carbons and divide by 5

74
Q

How does saturation affect melting point?

A

The more saturated a molecule is the more hydrogen atoms it has, so the more saturated a molecule is the higher the melting point

Higher Chemistry (7 decks)

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