Organic Chemistry

Question 1

How many carbons can monosaccharides have?

Answer 1

5 or 6

Question 2

Examples of 6 carbon monosaccharides?

Answer 2

galactose, glucose and fructose

Question 3

Examples of 5 carbon monosaccharides?

Answer 3

ribose and deoxyribose

Question 4

What foods are galactose, glucose and fructose found in?

Answer 4

fruits, honey etc.

Question 5

What are disaccharides?

Answer 5

two monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds

Question 6

Make up of lactose

Answer 6

glucose and galactose

Question 7

Make up of maltose

Answer 7

glucose and glucose

Question 8

Make up of sucrose

Answer 8

glucose and fructose

Question 9

What foods contain maltose?

Answer 9

sprouted grains

Question 10

What are oligosaccharides?

Answer 10

3-10 monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds

Question 11

Examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 11

glycogen and starch

Question 12

What is starch made up of?

Answer 12

amylose and amylopectin

Question 13

What does soluble mean?

Answer 13

binds to water

Question 14

What does insoluble mean?

Answer 14

does not bind to water

Question 15

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 15

body does not make

Question 16

What are the essential amino acids?

Answer 16

P-phenylalanine
V-Valine
T-Tryptophan

T-Threonine
I-isoleucine
M-methione

H-histidine
A-arinine
L-Lysine
L-Leucine

Question 17

What are the non-essential amino acids?

Answer 17

alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid serine

Question 18

How are lipids classified?

Answer 18

-chain saturation
-chain length
-structural conformation

Question 19

How many double bonds do saturated fats have?

Answer 19

no double bonds

Question 20

Are palmitic acids and stearic acids saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 20

saturated

Question 21

What foods are palmitic acids found in?

Answer 21

various oils

Question 22

What foods are stearic acids found?

Answer 22

meat and butter

Question 23

What type of fat is oleic acid?

Answer 23

monounsaturated

Question 24

How many double bonds do monounsaturated dats have?

Answer 24

one

Question 25

What foods contain oleic acid?

Answer 25

nuts, atacados

Question 26

How many double bonds do polyunsaturated fats have?

Answer 26

more than one

Question 27

Examples of polyunsaturated fats

Answer 27

EFA and arachidonic

Question 28

What is the role of chlyomicroms?

Answer 28

transport dietary lids

Question 29

What does soluble dietary fiber do for stool?

Answer 29

binds to water, which means that it softens stools

Question 30

Connection between soluble fibers and glucose/cholesterol?

Answer 30

soluble fibers bind glucose and cholesterol

Question 31

What does insoluble fibers do to stool?

Answer 31

increase stool bulk and stool frequency

Question 32

Glutamine is the preferred fuel source for what?

Answer 32

small intestine

Question 33

Types of nucleic acids?

Answer 33

pyrimidine and purine

Question 34

What are the two purine bases?

Answer 34

adenine and guanine

Question 35

What are the three pyrimidine bases?

Answer 35

uracil, thymine and cytosine

Question 36

What does adenine pair with?

Answer 36

thymidine

Question 37

What does guanine pair with?

Answer 37

cytosine

Question 38

How is ethanol produced?

Answer 38

fermentation of carbohydrates and starches

Question 39

What are the three sugar alcohols?

Answer 39

mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol

Question 40

Acetate (short chain fatty acid) is formed from?

Answer 40

produced from pyruvate

Question 41

What does oxalate bind to?

Answer 41

calcium

Question 42

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 42

A, D, E, K

Question 43

What does fat soluble mean?

Answer 43

dissolve in fats and oils, but not in water.

Question 44

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 44

B12, folate, B3, B2, B6, B1 and vitamin C

Question 45

In cis-fatty acids where are the hydrogens with double bonds found?

Answer 45

same side of the molecule

Question 46

In trans-fatty acids where are hydrogens with double bonds found?

Answer 46

opposite sides of the molecule