Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
What function does folate/folic acid have in the body?
A
DNA and RNA synthesis
2
Q
What type of ion is sodium?
A
extracellular
3
Q
What conditions are related to sodium?
A
hypoatremia and hyperatremia
4
Q
What is sodium balance regulated by?
A
aldosterone
5
Q
What is the role of potassium (in relation to water regulation)?
A
maintain normal water and acid-base balance
6
Q
What is the role of calcium in the body?
A
-blood clotting
-skeletal tissue
-absorption of B12
7
Q
What mineral helps with the absorption of b12?
A
calcium
8
Q
What increases the bio availability of calcium?
A
-lactose
-lysine
-vitamin D
9
Q
Good sources of calcium?
A
-dairy
-shellfish
-sardines
-eggs
10
Q
What are some symptoms or occurrences from low calcium?
A
-brittle nails
-osteoporosis
-rickets
-hypertension
-periodontosis
11
Q
What decreases calcium or is an antagonist?
A
-caffinene
-alcohol
-smoking
-antacids
12
Q
What b vitamin is thiamine?
A
B1
13
Q
What coenzyme function is b1 needed for?
A
decarboxylation of pyruvate
14
Q
What causes a decrease in b1?
A
-fat
-acidic beverages
15
Q
What foods have thiamin in it?
A
-seeds
-nuts
-wheat germ
-pork
-fish
16
Q
What is the main condition formed by low b1?
A
beriberi
17
Q
What is Beriberi?
A
-low b1
-often linked to alcoholism
18
Q
What is wernicke-korsakaoff syndrome?
A
-low b1 and alcoholism
-memory loss, delusions
19
Q
What can lower b1 levels?
A
-cooking
-alcohol
-drugs
20
Q
What is the name for b2?
A
riboflavin
21
Q
What is B2 or riboflavin needed for?
A
-function of the electron transport chain
-used to help form acetly coa
22
Q
What are good sources of riboflavin?
A
-cheese
-fish
-whole grains
-currants
-vegetables
23
Q
What physical symptoms occur with low b2 or riboflavin?
A
-dermatitis
-chelosis
-glossitis
-sensitivity to light
24
Q
What is the name for B3?
A
niacin
25
What process or synthesis is niacin needed for?
-synthesis of NADH
-coenzyme so in many process (ex: cholesterol, metabolism, variety of synthesis)
26
What food sources have b3 or niacin
-eggs, liver, meat, variety of vegetables
27
What physical symptom shows deficiency in niacin or b3?
pellagra
28
What is folate needed for and to help prevent?
neural tube defects
29
What are good sources of folate?
liver, yeast, green spinach
30
Biotin is needed in the metabolism of?
carbohydrates, protein and fat
31
Biotin is reduced by what food?
chicken eggs
32
What foods have biotin?
various animal products
33
What does low biotin cause?
seborrheic (scaly scalp) and other skin problems
34
What is seborrheic mean?
scaly scalp
35
What is the name of vitamin b5?
pantothenic acid
36
What is B5 needed for?
-function of fats and carbohydrates
-metabolism of red blood cells
37
Low b5 can cause?
-burning feet syndrome
38
What is the name for b6?
pyridoxine
39
What is pyridoxine or b6 needed for?
-metabolism of proteins
-synthesis of hormones
40
What foods contain b6?
-yeast
-liver
-wheat
41
What vitamins can reduce plasma homocysteine concentrations?
b12, folate and b6
42
What is the name for vitamin b12?
cobalamin
43
What is b12 needed for?
-blood and nervous system function
-dna synthesis
44
what foods contain b12?
-liver
-meat
-fish
45
What is vitamin A needed for?
vision
46
What foods have vitamin a?
-squash
-liver
47
What amount to not go over for vitamin a?
10,000 IU
48
What is vitamin d required for?
-absorption of calcium and phosphorus
-formation of bone and teeth
49
What food contains vitamin d?
fish, dairy products
50
What does deficiency in vitamin d cause in children?
rickets
51
What is vitamin e needed for?
-antioxidant
-prevent the oxidation of polyunsaturated fats
-healthy heart and immune function
52
Vitamin e supports and recycles wha minerals?
vitamin c and beta carotene
53
What foods have vitamin e?
-leafy greens
-oils
-nuts
54
What is vitamin K function?
-clotting
-formation of prothrombin
55
What nutrient can decrease vitamin K?
vitamin e
56
Food sources that contain vitamin k?
-leafy greens
-vegetables
-whole grains
57
What is calcium needed for?
-clotting
-absorption of b12
-muscle contractions
-nerve support
58
What increases calcium?
-vitamin d
-lactose
-lysine
59
What is the best form on calcium to take?
calcium citrate
60
What symptoms are associated with low calcium levels?
-rickets
-brittle nails
-osteoporosis
-hypertension
61
What is chlorine needed for?
fluid balance
62
What is magnesium needed for?
-ATP
-calcium metabolism
-bone and teeth structure
-300 enzyme actions
-muscles
63
What nutrients decrease magnesium?
-calcium
-fiber
-dietary fats
64
What is phosphorus needed for?
-energy metabolism
-intracellular
-kidney function
65
What decreases phosphorus?
-calcium
-aluminum
66
What increases phosphorus?
vitamin d
67
What conditions are connected to low potassium?
-hypertensions
-low glucose tolerance
-muscle weakness
68
What is boron needed for?
-reduce urinary excretion of calcium
-increase levels of estrogen and testosterone
69
What foods contain boron?
-soybeans, prunes
70
What does low levels of boron cause?
-increase in calcium excretion
-decrease in sex hormones
71
What is the purpose of chromium?
-enhances the effect of insulin
72
What nutrient decreases chromium levels?
calcium carbonate
73
What foods contain chromium?
-grains and honey
74
What does chromium deficiency cause?
-glucose intolerence
-plaque
-decrease growth
75
What is the purpose of copper?
-iron metabolism
-formation of bone marrow
-needed for various protein functions
76
What mineral reduces copper?
zinc
77
What foods have copper?
nuts, legumes and liver
78
What is fluorine needed for?
-enamel
-prevents anemia in pregnancy
79
What foods have fluorine?
seafood
80
What is iodine needed for?
function of thyroid hormones
81
What foods have iodine?
seafood
82
Low levels of iodine can cause?
hypothyroidism
83
What is iron needed for?
-hemoglobin functioning
-o2 transport
84
What nutrient increase iron?
vitamin c
85
What nutrients decrease iron?
-cobalt, manganese and b6
86
What is the purpose of manganese's?
-cofactor for pyruvate, acetly coa, bone mineralization
87
What nutrients decrease manganese ?
calcium, phos.,iron and cobalt
88
What nutrients increase manganese?
histidine and citrate
89
What foods contain manganese?
-grains, buts, eggs
90
Low levels of manganese cause?
glucose intolerence
91
What does nickel enhance?
iron
92
What is the purpose of selenium?
it is a component of glutathione peroxidase
93
What does selenium reduce?
oxidized vitamin e
94
What does selenium help convert?
thyroxine to triiodothyronine aka t3 to t4
95
What nutrient enhances selenium?
vitamin c
96
What disease is connected to low selenium levels?
kesha disease
97
What is the purpose of zinc?
-cofactor in 200 enzyme processes
-carbohydrate metabolism
-protein functions
98
What regulates calcium?
PTH, calcitonin, VD and phosphorus
99
PTH relates what mineral?
calcium
100
What hormone signals the kidney to reabsorb more sodium?
aldosterone
101
What mineral is connected to restless leg syndrome?
iron
102
What vitamin is needed in the pentose phosphate pathway?
b1
103
What nutrient increase estrogen and testosterone levels ?
boron
104
What digestive disease can cause acid urine?
IBS
105
Hormone that stimulates bile?
CCK
106
What stimulates pancreatic lipase in the break down of fats?
trypsin
107
Vitamin c inhibits what nutrient?
copper
108
What prevents the oxidation of vitamin b1 (thiamin)?
vitamin c
109
What micronutrient is needed to synthesize b1?
magnesium
110
Main food source of b1 thiamin
pork
111
What is b2 riboflavin needed for?
metabolic reactions and transfer of electrons
112
B2 is reduced by what nutrient?
calcium
113
b3 niacin is connected to what disease?
pellagra
114
People with what disease have a higher risk of b3 ricin deficiency?
HIV
115
What nutrient is needed to help tryptophan be converted to b3?
iron
116
What coenzyme is pantothenic acid a part of?
coenzyme a
117
Deficiency in what nutrient causes a need for b5?
copper
118
Vitamin b6 is also known as?
PLP coenzyme
119
What is b6 involved in the synthesis of what nervous system hormones?
serotonin and tryptophan
120
Vitamin b6 is connected to what condition?
epilepsy
121
What two vitamin increase b6 levels?
magnesium and folate
122
What enzymes are decrease folate absorption?
pancreatic
123
Folate decrease absorption of nutrient?
zinc
124
low folate levels is connected to what disease?
alzheimers
125
b12 is connected to what types of anemia?
pernicious and megoblastic
126
Choline is needed for the synthesis of?
phospholipids
127
What disease is connected in choline deficiency?
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
128
Vitamin c intake can cause an overload of another mineral. This mineral us?
iron
129
High intake vitamin c will inhibit the absorption of? (two)
copper and selenium
130
Vitamin c functions with what other vitamin?
vitamin e
131
What mineral is responsible for activating vitamin k dependent clotting factors?
calcium
132
What increase absorption of vitamin a?
vitamin e
133
low levels of calcium in the blood causes the release of?
PTH
134
Iron interferes with the absorption of?
vitamin e
135
Zinc interferes with the absorption of ?
vitamin e and magnesium
136
Fiber increases or decreases mg utilization?
decrease
137
Protein increases or decreases mg utilization?
increases
138
boiling food decreases the presence of what mineral?
potassium
139
Nutrient partner of copper?
zinc
140
Folate can mask what nutrient?
b12
141
Pyruvate makes what short chain fatty acid?
acetate
