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organic chemistry Flashcards

(40 cards)

1
Q

inorganic compunds

A

Does NOT contain Carbon(C) & Hydrogen(H)

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2
Q

Organic

A

Contains (BOTH) Carbon(C) and Hydrogen(H)

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3
Q

4 Types of Organic Compounds

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

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4
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Elements: C,H, O: ratio of C 1: H2: 10

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5
Q

Carbohydrates: Polar or Nonpolar?

A

Polar, so most dissolve in water.

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6
Q

Functions of carbohydrates

A

quick energy, storage, structure

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7
Q

Saccharide Bond

A

Bonds between carbohydrates

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8
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Monomers (building blocks) of carbs; simple sugars

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9
Q

Examples of Monosaccharide

A

Fructose, Galactose, Glucose (C6H1206)

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10
Q

Glucose

A

C6H12O6 produced by plants during photosynthesis

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11
Q

Examples of Disaccharides

A

Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose

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12
Q

Examples of Polysaccharides

A

Cellulose, Chitin, Glycogen, Starch

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13
Q

Cellulose

A

Found in plant cells walls for structure

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14
Q

Glycogen

A

Glucose is stored in the liver of mammals in this form

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15
Q

Starch

A

Glucose is stored in the roots of plants; important food source

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16
Q

lipids

A

elements: C,H,O but fewer Oxygens than Carbs

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17
Q

Functions of Lipids

A

Cushion, insulation, long-term energy storage, and protection

18
Q

chitin

A

found in the exoskeleton of arthropods for structure

19
Q

Examples of Lipids

A

Cholesterol, Phopholipids, sterols, triglycerides

20
Q

Lipids: Polar of Nonpolar?

A

Non-polar, so they do NOT dissolve in water

21
Q

Monomers(building blocks) of Trifly cerides

A

Glycerol & three fatty acids

22
Q

saturated fatty acids

A

solid at room temperature; single bonds; animal fats

23
Q

unsaturated fatty acids

A

liquid at room temperature

24
Q

phospholipids

A

the cell membrane (plasma membrane) contain

25
Proteins
elements: C,H,O,N
26
Examples of proteins
antibodies(immunity), enzymes, hair
27
Monomers(building blocks) of proteins
amino acids (only 20 exist)
28
saturated & unsaturated fatty acids
types of triglycerides(lipids)
29
peptide bonds
bonds between amino acids to form a protein
30
proteins can also function as
enzymes
31
enzymes
act as a catalyst (speeds up the rate of chemical reaction)
32
enzymes
can anabolize (build) or catabolize (breakdown) other molecules in a chemical reaction
33
dehydration synthesis
removal of water; two monomers forming a polymer
34
hydrolysis
adding water; two monomers forming a polymer
35
nucleic acids
Elements: C,H,O,N,P,S
36
examples of nucleic acids
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid RNA: Ribonucleic acid
37
monomers(building blocks) of Nucleic acids
Nucleotides (3 parts): 5 carbon sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
38
Nitrogenous bases
DNA: Adenine / Cytosine; Guanine / Thymine
39
Function of Nucleic acids
controls cellular activities; makes proteins (genes)
40
hydrogen bonds
bonds between nucleotides