organic chemistry

Question 1

what is the homologous series?

Answer 1

a family of organic compounds with the same functional group

Question 2

how do you test for alkenes?

Answer 2

burn it and it should have a smokier, yellower (brighter) flame
when reacting alkenes with bromine water, the solution changes from orange to colourless

Question 3

what is structural formula

Answer 3

shows what is bonded to each C atom, but doesn’t show the bonds

Question 4

what is diplayed formula

Answer 4

Displayed formula = shows every single bond in the molecule

Question 5

what is the suffix for carbocylic acids

Answer 5

-anoic acid
ethanoic acid
propanoic acid
butanoic acid

Question 6

what is esterification

Answer 6

alcohol + carboxylic acid –> ester + wate

Question 7

what type of reaction is esterification

Answer 7

condensation reaction

Question 8

what can esters be used for

Answer 8

used in perfumes
food flavourings

Question 9

what does it mean if an ester is volatile

Answer 9

are very volatile (becomes a gas very easily

Question 10

what are monomers

Answer 10

Monomers = small molecules that join to make polymers

Question 11

what is polyethene

Answer 11

Poly(ethene) = transparent, unless you add colouring to it

Question 12

what are the uses of polyethene (4)

Answer 12

Uses:
plastic carrier bags
drink bottles
dustbins
washing up bowls
cling film

Question 13

what do propene monomers make

Answer 13

Propene monomers make: Polypropene = strong and tough

Question 14

uses of polypropene(3)

Answer 14

1. carpets
2. milk crates
3. ropes

Question 15

how are polymers formed?

Answer 15

When alkene molecules join, the covalent double bond opens up/breaks
This creates bonds on the two carbon atoms on either side of the double bond
This becomes saturated when monomers join together
The polymer chains are made up of a C backbone

Question 16

what is the process where polymers are formed called

Answer 16

This type of reaction is called addition polymerisation

Question 17

what does mono mean

Answer 17

Mono = one

Question 18

what does poly mean

Answer 18

poly = many

Question 19

how many products are formed in addition to polymerisation

Answer 19

in addition polymerisation, there is only one product formed, which is the polymer.

Question 20

what does a repeating unit have

Answer 20

A repeating unit has trailing bonds

Question 21

what does the n represent

Answer 21

n represents how many paperclips are in the paperclip chain (how many repeating units are in the polymer

Question 22

What to make sure for a repeating unit: 4

Answer 22

the formula is drawn correctly (correct number of C and H
Trailing bonds
Brackets
n outside

Question 23

what are two types of condensation polymers

Answer 23

Polyester and nylon are condensation polymers

Question 24

how many products does condensation polymerisation produce and what products does it produce

Answer 24

in condensation polymerisation, there are two products, one of which is a small molecule like water or hydrogen

Question 25

whatis the second product that nylon produces?

Answer 25

When nylon is made the second molecule produced is HCl

Question 26

what are monosaccharides

Answer 26

Monosaccharides are made up of one sugar units

Question 27

give examples of monosaccharides

Answer 27

Examples of monosaccharides are glucose, and fructose

Question 28

how many ring structures does glucose have

Answer 28

Glucose molecules are made up of six membered ring structures (hexagonal structures)

Question 29

how many ring structures does fructose have

Answer 29

Fructose - F for Five - made up of 5 membered rings

Question 30

what two monosaccharides are sucrose made of

Answer 30

Sucrose = glucose +fructose

Question 31

what are polysaccharides

Answer 31

Polysaccharide = polymer of thousands of monosaccharides

Question 32

what two functional groups do amino acids have

Answer 32

basic group - amine group - NH2 Acidic group - carboxylic acid - COOH

Question 33

what does dna stand for

Answer 33

DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 34

what does dnas structure contain

Answer 34

DNA’s structure contains genetic code that determines the different amino acids of every protein

Question 35

what type of polymer is dna

Answer 35

DNA = condensation polymer

Question 36

what is the name of dna polymer

Answer 36

The monomers of DNA = nucleotides

Question 37

how are the two strands of dna held together

Answer 37

they are held together by the intermolecular forces that run down the length of them

Question 38

what are the bases of dna

Answer 38

The complimentary bases are AT and CG - remember the mnemonic AT Chelsea’s Grounds

Question 39

what are the name of the bases

Answer 39

Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine