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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon

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2
Q

What is crude oil made of a mixture of

A

Hydrocarbons

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3
Q

What types of bonds do alkanes have

A

Only single bonds

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4
Q

What types of bonds do alkenes have

A

Double bonds

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5
Q

General formula for alkane

A

Cn Hn+2

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6
Q

General formula for alkene

A

Cn Hn

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7
Q

Which hydrocarbons are saturated

A

Alkanes

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8
Q

Which hydrocarbon can form more bonds

A

Alkenes

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9
Q

What are alkanes similarities with each other

A

Similar chemical different physical

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10
Q

The longer the chain of the hydrocarbon

A

Higher melting point

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11
Q

First 4 alkanes

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

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12
Q

Why is fractional distillation used

A

To separate hydrocarbons (crude oil)

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13
Q

How does a fractionating distillation work

A

Crude oil is heated in a fractionating column by a preheater
The shorter hydrocarbon with lower boiling point go on the top

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14
Q

Why do shorter chain hydrocarbons have a lower boiling point

A

Weaker intermolecular forces

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15
Q

What is the order of what is deposited at the fractionating column

A

Fuel Gas
Petrol
Naphtha
Kerosine
Diesel
Fuel Oil
Residue

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16
Q

Molecular formula of butane

A

C4 H10

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17
Q

What is complete combustion

A

Where there is enough oxygen for something to burn

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18
Q

Products of complete combustion

A

Water
Carbon dioxide

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19
Q

Products of incomplete combustion

A

Water
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon particulate

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20
Q

Example of thermal decomposition reaction

A

Cracking

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21
Q

What is Cracking

A

Braking of large alkane into smaller alkane and alkene

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22
Q

2 types of cracking

A

Catalytic
Steam

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23
Q

Catalytic cracking

A

Heating hydrocarbon to 550C over catalyst like ceramic

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24
Q

Steam cracking

A

Hydrocarbon to 800C

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25
Q

What happens with alkanes in bromine water and why

A

Remains orange because alkanes are already saturated

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26
Q

What happens with alkenes in bromine water and why

A

Turns clear as alkenes can react

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27
Q

Use of poly(ethene)

A

Plastic bag

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28
Q

Use of poly(propene)

A

Rope

29
Q

Use of poly(styrene)

A

Cups

30
Q

Uses of poly(vinyl acetate)

A

Glue

31
Q

Uses of poly(vinyl chlorate)

A

Pipes

32
Q

3 things that happen with more molecules in a hydrocarbon

A

Increase viscosity
Increase flammability
Increase boiling point

33
Q

What type of combustion do alkenes do

A

Incomplete

34
Q

What is needed when alkenes react with hydrogen and what is it called

A

Nickel catalyst
Hydrogenation

34
Q

What happens when alkenes react

A

They lose their double bond

34
Q

Functional group of alkane and alkene

A

C-C
C=C

35
Q

How is ethanol made

A

Fermentation

36
Q

Is fermentation anaerobic

A

Yes

37
Q

What does fermentation process require

A

Yeast, sugar
Blocker to oxygen that allows carbon dioxide out
25-30C

38
Q

What happens if oxygen is allowed in fermentation process

A

Ethanoic acid
Tastes like vinegar

39
Q
A
40
Q

Propene and water formula equation

A

H H H H H H
H- C - C =C + H2O —-> H- C- C -C -OH
H H H H H

41
Q

What group is an alcohol

A

Hydroxyl (-OH)

42
Q

What conditions does making an alcohol need

A

300C
Catalyst

43
Q

What is propene plus bromine make

A

Dibromopropene

44
Q

Uses of alcohols

A

Methanol- Chemical Feedstock
Ethanol-Alcoholic drinks
Propanol- Fuel
Butanol- Fuels and solvents

45
Q

Sodium plus ethanol

A

Sodium Ethanoxide + hydrogen gas

45
Q

Carboxilic acid functional group

A

-COOH

46
Q

Carboxilic acids have similar

A

Chemical but different physical properties

46
Q

What does [O] mean

A

Oxidizing agent

47
Q

Alcohol plus oxdising agent

A

Carboxilic acid plus water

48
Q

Carboxilic acid plus base

A

Salt plus water

49
Q

How do you get an ester

A

Carboxilic acid heated with alcohol and acid catalyst

50
Q

Ester uses

A

Perfume

51
Q

Ethanol plus ethanoic acid

A

Ethyl Ethanate

51
Q

Ester functional group

A

-COO-

52
Q

Ethanoic acid displayed formula

A

H
H- C - C = O
H OH

53
Q

Why are carboxylic acids weak

A

Do not fully ionise in water

54
Q

What is addition polymerisation

A

2 or more monomers join together to form a polymer

55
Q

Addition polymerisation

A

H H H H
n C = C —-> - C - C -
H H H H n

56
Q

DNA means

A

Deoxyribonuclaic acid

57
Q

Example of biological monomer

A

Amino Acids

58
Q

What are the functional group of amino acid

A

NH2 amine group
-COOH carboxilic acid group

59
Q

How do amino acids bond

A

Condensation polymerisation
Peptide bond

60
Q

What does addition polymerisation require

A

C=C bond

61
Q

What does condensation polymerisation require

A

2 functional groups

62
Q

When condensation polymerisation with carboxilic acid and alcohol what is required

A

Diol
Dicarboxilic acid

63
Q

dicarboxilic acid plus diol gives

A

Polyester plus water

64
Q
A

Chemistry (10 decks)

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