Organic chemistry

Question 1

What’s a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

Molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only

Question 2

What’s an Alkane?

Answer 2

A hydrocarbon, a line of carbon atoms surrounded by Hydrogen atoms

Question 3

Formula for Methane?

Answer 3

CH4

Question 4

Formula for Ethane?

Answer 4

C2H6

Question 5

Formula for Propane?

Answer 5

C3H8

Question 6

Formula for Butane?

Answer 6

C4H10

Question 7

Formula for pentane?

Answer 7

C5H12

Question 8

What’s the general formula for an Alkane?

Answer 8

Cn H2n+2

Question 9

What’s the alkane when no more atoms can join on to the carbon atoms?

Answer 9

Saturated

Question 10

What’s complete combustion?

Answer 10

When an Alkanes burn with a lot of oxygen available, Alkane + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water

Question 11

How do you there’s been complete combustion?

Answer 11

Blue flame

Question 12

What’s incomplete combustion?

Answer 12

When an alkane burns without enough oxygen, producing carbon and the poisonous carbon monoxide. So Alkane + oxygen = carbon + Carbon monoxide + Carbon Dioxide + water

Question 13

What happens when a Halogen reacts with an Alkane?

Answer 13

Produces Haloalkanes (in the presence of UV light)

Question 14

What is a Haloalkane

Answer 14

When the Halogen replaces one of the Hydrogens in the Alkane producing eg. a Bromomethane

Question 15

What’s an Alkene?

Answer 15

Hydrocarbons with a carbon double bond

Unsaturated as they can make more bonds

Question 16

General formula for an Alkene?

Answer 16

Cn H2n

Question 17

Formula for Ethene?

Answer 17

C2H4

Question 18

Formula for Propene?

Answer 18

C3H6

Question 19

Formula for Butene?

Answer 19

C4H8

Question 20

What’s it called when 2 molecules have identical molecular formulas, but different structures?

Answer 20

Isomers

Question 21

What happens when a halogen reacts with an alkene?

Answer 21

They form a Haloalkanes

Question 22

What’s a Haloalkene?

Answer 22

When a halogen splits the carbon double bond, and 2 halogen bond to the available carbons (an addition reaction)

Question 23

How do you test for carbon double bonds?

Answer 23

If you shake orange bromine water with the solution and it becomes colourless then the halogens have reacted with the carbon double bonds

Question 24

How do you make Ethanol?

Answer 24

With Ethene and steam

Question 25

What temperature is required to make Ethanol?

Answer 25

300C

Question 26

What pressure is required to make Ethanol?

Answer 26

60-70 atmospheres

Question 27

What's the catalyst used in the making of Ethanol?

Answer 27

Phosphoric acid

Question 28

Why will making Ethanol become expensive?

Answer 28

Crude oil is a non renewable resource

Question 29

What other way can Ethanol be produced?

Answer 29

Fermentation

Question 30

What's fermentation?

Answer 30

When sugar is made into ethanol using yeast

Question 31

Advantage of Fermentation?

Answer 31

Sugar and yeast are renewable | Cheap equipment

Question 32

Disadvantage of fermentation?

Answer 32

Isn't very concentrated, so it needs to be distilled and purified Slow reaction Expensive labour

Question 33

What temperature is Fermentation done at?

Answer 33

30C

Question 34

Advantages of Ethene + steam?

Answer 34

Ethene's cheap Little is wasted Cheap labour Pure product

Question 35

Disadvantages of Ethene + steam?

Answer 35

Non renewable resource of Crude oil | Expensive equipment

Question 36

How can you turn Ethanol back into Ethene?

Answer 36

Dehydration reaction

Question 37

How is the dehydration reaction done?

Answer 37

Ethanol vapour passed over a hot catalyst of aluminium Oxide