Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(23 cards)
What two elements do hydrocarbons contain?
Hydrogen and Carbon
What is the general formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
What two waste products form from the complete combustion of hydrocarbons?
Carbon Dioxide and Water
How is crude oil formed?
It’s formed from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago and were buried in the mud. Over millions of years with hight temperatures and pressure the remains turned into crude oil
Where are the shortest carbon chains found in the fractional distillation column
At the top
Give three products that can be made from crude oil
Petrol, Kerosene, Diesel oil, Heavy fuel oil, BItumen and Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Why is cracking used?
Short chain hydrocarbons are flammable so make good fuels and are in high demand. Long chain carbons form thick gloopy liquids like tar which arent useful
Give a product of cracking that is used for making plastics.
Alkenes
What is an alkene?
Hydrocarbons which have a double bond between two of the carbon atoms in their chain. They have two fewer hydrogens compared to alkanes
General formula for alkenes
CnH2n
Why do alkenes burn with a smoky flame
Because they undergo incomplete combustion
Name the molecule that reacts with ethene when it is hydrogenated
Hydrogen
What is used to test for alkenes?
Adding bromine to an alkene will add across the double bond making a colourless dirbomo-compound
What type of compounds are used as monomers to make addition polymers?
Unsaturated monomer molecules (alkenes)
Give the names and formulas of the the first four alcahols
Methanol-CH3OH
Ethanol-C2H5OH
Propanol-C3H7OH
Butanol-C4H9OH
Give the balanced equation for the combustion of methanol
2(CH3OH)+3(O2)–>2(CO2)+4(H2O)
Name the gas that is produced when ethanol reacts with sodium
Hydrogen
Name the process that converts sugar into ethanol using yeast
Fermentation
Why are carboxylic acids considered weak acids?
When dissolved in water they release H+ ions resulting in an acidic solution. However they don’t ionise completely (not all molecules release their H+ ions) so they form a weak acidic solution.
Give the general word equation for the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
Alcohol +carboxylic acid—–>(acid catalyst) Ester + Water
How many different products are there in a condensation polymerisation reaction
Two-The polymer and a small molecule (eg water)
What are polypeptides?
Polymers made from amino acid in condensation polymerisation.
What small molecule is lost when two amino acids react together to form a new bond?
Water
