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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

0
Q

List the prefixes for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 carbons.

A
  1. Meth
  2. Eth
  3. Prop
  4. But
  5. Pent
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1
Q

What is cracking?

A

Breaking down large molecules into smaller, less viscous, more flammable molecules.

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2
Q

Hw do you make ethanoic acid?

A

Oxidising ethanol

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3
Q

Which oxidising agent speeds up the oxidation of ethanol?

A

Acidified potassium manganate VII.

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4
Q

Hw do you identify carboxylic acids?

A

Functional group COOH

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5
Q

state the chemical formula for ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

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6
Q

State the molecular formula for ethanoic acid

A

C2H4O2

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7
Q

State the empirical formula for ethanoic acid.

A

CH2O

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8
Q

Ethanol + ethanoic acid –> ?

A

Ethylethanoate + water

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9
Q

How are the properties of hydrocarbons affected with the length of chain? (3)

A

The longer the chain..

  1. Higher mpt
  2. More viscous
  3. Less flammable
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10
Q

What is a macromolecule?

A

A large molecule made up from small units.

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11
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A ‘family’ of similar compounds with similar properties due to e presence of the same functional group.

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12
Q

How do we identify alcohols?

A

Functional group OH

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13
Q

How does ethanol burn?

A

With a clean flame

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14
Q

Why is ethanol useful as a solvent?

A

It dissolves polar and no polar chemicals

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15
Q

Wy is ethanol useful as a fuel? (2)

A
  1. It is highly exothermic

2. It burns with a clean flame.

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16
Q

Ethene + steam –> ?

A

Ethanol

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17
Q

How can we make ethanol? (2 methods)

A
  1. Fermentation

2. Catalytic addition of steam to ethene

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18
Q

State the general formula for alcohols.

A

CnH2n+1OH

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19
Q

State the 2 main uses of ethanol.

A
  1. As a fuel

2. As a solvent

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20
Q

If a molecule contains a C=C is it saturates or unsaturated?

A

Usaturated

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21
Q

Ethene + hydrogen –> ?

A

Ethane

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22
Q

What is the general formula of alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

23
Q

What happens when alkanes come into contact with chlorine (in sunlight)?

A

A substitution reaction takes place where chlorine atoms take the place of hydrogen atoms.

24
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

25
Q

What is the general formula of alkenes?

A

CnH2n

26
Q

Hw do you identify alkanes?

A

Hydrocarbons with single bonds

27
Q

State a property of alkanes.

A

Generally unreactive except when burning.

28
Q

If a molecule contains all single bonds, is it saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

29
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated

30
Q

What is a structural isomerism?

A

When 2 molecules have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula (ie the bonds are arranged differently).

31
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

An acid that only partially ionises in solution.

32
Q

What type of polymer is starch?

A

A polysaccharide

33
Q

What is a complex carbohydrate?

A

A polysaccharide with simple sugar monomers.

34
Q

What type of polymerisation makes nylon/terylene/starch?

A

Condensation polymerisation

35
Q

List 2 uses of Teflon.

A
  1. Non-stick coating on frying pans

2. Windscreen wipers

36
Q

List 2 uses of terylene.

A
  1. Clothing

2. Thread

37
Q

List 2 uses of polystyrene.

A
  1. Packaging

2. Insulation for roofs and walls

38
Q

What type of polymer is nylon?

A

A polyamide.

39
Q

List 2 uses of polychloroethene (PVC).

A
  1. Water pipes

2. Wellingtons

40
Q

List 2 uses of nylon.

A
  1. Fishing nets

2. Ropes

41
Q

What type of polymerisation makes polyethene?

A

Addition polymerisation.

42
Q

What is an amide link?

A

-C-N-
|| |
O H

43
Q

What are the monomers of polyethene?

A

Ethene

44
Q

How are complex carbohydrates converted to small sugar units?

A

Acid hydrolysis

45
Q

How is soap made?

A

The alkaline hydrolysis of fats.

46
Q

What is the structure of starch?

A

-O-[#%%%#%#]-O-[#%#%##%]-

47
Q

What is the structure of protein?

A
  • N - C - C - N - C - C - N - C - C -
    | | || | | || | | ||
    H R1 O H R2 O H R3 O
48
Q

List 4 problems with non biodegradable plastics.

A
  1. Do not decompose so fill up landfill sights
  2. Choke animals
  3. Cog drains
  4. Collect in rivers
49
Q

What type of polymer is terylene?

A

A polyester

50
Q

List 2 uses of polythene.

A
  1. Plastic bag

2. Clingfilm

51
Q

Compare nylon and protein.

A

The have the same amide link but have different units.

52
Q

Compare fats and terylene.

A

They have the same ester link but different units.

53
Q

What is the product of the hydrolysis of fats?

A

Soap

54
Q

How are proteins converted into amino acid?

A

Acid hydrolysis

Chemistry (7 decks)

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