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Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of compounds that can all be represented by the same gen formula same chemi properties, differ by Ch2 amd have similar physical properties

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2
Q

What are alkanes?

A

Hydrocarbons which have single bonds only

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3
Q

Whatvare alkenes.

A

Hydrocarbons which contain a double bonf

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4
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbons are compounds which contain c and H o ly

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5
Q

What is a functional group?

A

This is a group of atoms responsible for the charcteristics reactions of a particular compound

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6
Q

What is the functional group of Alkanes?

A

C-C

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7
Q

What is the functional group of Alkene,

A

C–C

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8
Q

What does aturated mean?

A

Contains a single bond only

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9
Q

What is the general formula for Alkane and Alkene

A

Alkane: Cn H2n + 2
Alkene: Cn H2n

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10
Q

What does the molecular fodmula show us

A

It shows us the number of each element in a compound

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11
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

Shows us the simplest whole bumber ratio of a compound

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12
Q

What is an isomer?

A

An isomer is somehing that has the same molecular formula but a different displayed formula

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13
Q

What is a substiution reaction?

A

A rraction which involves one atom being supplied for another

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14
Q

What condition must there be for a substituiton reaction

A

Uv Light

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15
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

An addition reaction is where one metal connects with another molecule to produce only one product.

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16
Q

Test for alkanes and alkenes?

A

Add bromine water. Alkanes stay orange, Alkenes become decolourised

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17
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of hydrocarbon of different chainlenghts

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18
Q

When is crude oil not useful

A

When it is a black liquid

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19
Q

How does fractional distilliation of Crude oil work

A

Oil is vaporised by heating. Passed into tower at the bottom column (hotter at bottom than top). Hydrocarbons cool and condense as they rise as they have different boiling points. The smaller the molecile the higher up the tower they reach.

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20
Q

What are fractions?

A

Mixture of hydrocarbons

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21
Q

Does the flamibillity inceease as the size of the hydrocarbon increase

A

The flamibillity does not increase as the size of the Hc increases

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22
Q

Does the cleaniliness of the flame increase as the size of the hydrocarbon increase

A

No

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23
Q

Does the Viscosity increase as the size of the hyrocarbon increases?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What are the Fractions of Hydrocarbons from small to big? and Uses?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Refinery Gases - Bottled Gas
Gasoline - Cars
Kerosene - Jet Fuel
Diesel - Lorries
Fuel Oil- Ships 
Bitumen - Roads
25
What is Catlytic Cracking?
Involves Breaking down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller molecules
26
What two things do Catalytic Cracking need?
Heat and Catalysts
27
What are the conditions needed for Catalytic Cracking?
SIlica | 600-700 C'
28
Reasons for using catalysts?
Produces mixtures of shorter chained hydrocarbons more useful and more demand Also Produces Alkanes Used to make Polymers
29
What is Combustion?
Combustion is the process of burning a fuel to produce thermal energy
30
Complete Combustion
When there is enough oxygen available
31
Fuel + Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide + Water
32
Methane + OXygen
Carbon Dioxide + Water
33
Test for water
``` Anhydrous Copper Sulfate White to Blue Also Limewater Colourless to Cloudy ```
34
Fuel + Oxygen | When there isn't enough Oxygen
Carbon Monoxide + Water (and also soot (Carbon))
35
Why is Carbon Monoxide dangerous?
Reduces the capacity of blood to carry oxygen | Poisonous/toxic
36
How can we get rid of Carbon Monide within our body?
Replace Blood | Wait for old blood cells to die and produce new ones
37
H2O How is it formed Problems Solutions
Combustion containing Hydrogen N/a N/a
38
SO2 How is it formed? Problems Solutions
``` When Sulfur reacts with Oxygen to make Sulfur Dioxide which reacts with the atmosphere to produce Sulfuric Acid Acid Rain Removing Sulfur from fuels Catalytic Converters for Cars Scrubbing ```
39
NO/NO2 How is it formed Problems Soultions?
When nitrogen reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen oxide and then reacts with the atmosphere to produce sulfuric acid Acid Rain Scrubbing Gases from power stations and factories
40
Unburned Fuels How is it Formed Problems Solution?
When fuels aren't burnt Wastes fuel and some fuels may be greenhouse gases Make sure engine is well tuned
41
Co2 How Formed Problems Solutions
Produced from the combustion of hydrocarbons Traps heat radiated from the Earth's surface Less COmbustion of Fossil Fuels
42
Co How produced Problems Solutions
From incomplete combuction Poisonous and toxic Make sure there is a good supply of oxygen (good supply of air)
43
C How is it formed Problems Solutions
From Incomplete Combustion Diziness/ Poisonous, Global DImming, Blackened Buildings Make sure there is enough Oxygen
44
Problems with acid rain?
Denatures plants Kills trees and fish Buildings corrode
45
What is a monomer?
A small simple molecule
46
What is a polymer?
A polymer is a large, long chained molecule, made from lots of monomers joined together
47
When does Addition Polymerisation occur?
When many monomers join together to forma long chained molecule. Polymers require no other products as well as high pressure and catalysts
48
Uses of Polyethene? (Low density)
pACKAGING
49
Use of Polyethene (High Density) ?
Acts as Chemical Barriers
50
Uses of PolyPropene?
Crates,Ropes and Carpets
51
Uses of Polychloroethene?
Insulation for electrical wires, windows and pipes.
52
Uses of Polytetrafluorene?
Non Sticking coat for pans, container for laboratory substances
53
Problems of Adddition Polymers?
Toxis Non Biodegradable Inert
54
What does Non Biodegradable mean?
Cannot be broken down naturally
55
Disposal Methods?
Landfill | Incineration
56
Advantages of Landfill?
No greenhouse gases or toxic gases produced | Cheap
57
Disadvantages of Landfill?
Ugly, Smelly, Noisy, and no one wants to live there uses large amounts of area Waste will be there for a long ti
58
Advantages of Incineration?
Requires Litlle space | Can produce heat fpr local home/offices and or electricity
59
Disadvantages of Incineration?
Expensive to Build and maintain Produces Greenhouse Gases Releases Toxic Gases Ash produced goes to landfill sites

Chemistry (8 decks)

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