Organic Chemistry Definitions Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is a homologous series?
A family of compounds which have similar chemical properties because they have the same functional groups. Neighbouring members differ by CH2 group
Hydro carbon definition
A compound made of only hydrogen and carbon
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon that contains at least 1 C-C double bond
What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon that contains only single C-C bonds
What is a functional group
The group of atoms involved in the chemical reactions of a molecule
What is a structural isomer
Structural isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
What is a molecular formula?
States the total number of each type of atom in the molecule. Atoms of the same type must be grouped together.
What is an empirical formula?
Gives the simplest whole number ratio of the different types of atom in the molecule
What are the hydrocarbons in crude oil called?
Refinery gases, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil and Bitumen
What is the trend in colour of the main fractions?
As the size of the hydrocarbon molecule increases the colour gets darker it goes from colourless to yellow to brown
What is the trend in viscosity of the main fractions?
As the size of the hydrocarbon molecule increases, the viscosity increases
How does the boiling point vary in the different hydrocarbons?
As the size of the hydrocarbon molecule increases the boiling point increases
What is the trend in volatility of the main fractions?
As the size of the hydrocarbon molecule increases, the volatility decreases is how easily evaporates
What is the trend in flammability of the main fractions?
As the size of the hydrocarbon molecule increases, the flammability decreases
Use of refinery gases
Domestic heating and cooking
Use of gasoline
Fuel in cars
Use of kerosene
Fuel in planes, domestic heating oil, paraffin heaters/lamps
Use of diesel oil
Fuel for Lorries buses and trains
Use of fuel oil
Fuel for ships and an industrial heating
Use of bitumen
Road surfaces
Which fractions have larger molecules in which has smaller molecules?
Refinery gases have smaller molecules and bitumen has larger molecules
Hydrocarbon naming thing
Monkeys eat peanut butter pancakes happily
Hydrocarbon prefix
Meth-, eth-,prop-, but-, pent-, hex-
Definition of a fuel
A substance that when burned releases heat energy into the atmosphere
