Organic chemistry notes Flashcards
(26 cards)
alkanes general formula, ending
CnH2n+2
-ane
alkene general formula, ending
CnH2n
-ene
alcohol general formula, ending
CnH2n+1OH
-ol
carboxylic acid general formula, ending
COOH
-oic acid
cycloalkane ending
cyclo- -ane
halogenoalkanes ending
fluro-/ chloro-/ bromo-/ iodo-
branched alkane ending
alkyl-
aldehydes ending
-al
ketone ending
-one
what is the homologous series
group of compounds with same functional group and general formula
skeletal formula
shows the bonds of C skeleton only
hydrogen and carbon atoms are not known
functional groups known
structural formula
arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all bonds
empirical formula
simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
molecular formula
actual number of atoms in a molecule or element
displayed formula
showing all bonds and atoms in a molecule
what is IUPAC
molecules named according to this
How to do nomenclature
- find longest continuous chain of C
- find functional group - gives the end of the name
- number C chains so functional group sits on lowest possible number of carbon
- note C number attracted to functional group - place the number before the suffix
- any side chains (functional groups) written as prefixes in alphabetical order
- if more than 1 identical functional group/side chain put number in words
what does the curly arrow show in mechanisms
the movement of electrons
what does the end of curly arrow in mechanisms show
the end is where you move the electrons to/ for motion of a new bond
what do free radicals not need
curly arrow
what is a chemical mechanism
it shows the movement of electrons during a chemical reaction
what do structural isomers have
same molecular formula but different structural formula
what are the three different types of structural isomers
- chain
- positional
- functional group
describe the chain structural isomer
same molecular formula but different arrangement of the C skeleton
